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t^atl^ lank 

MasI)tngtoit (Eatlirliral 



Published by the Authority of the 
Bishop and Chapter of Washington 



Fifth Edition 

Revised and Enlarged 



Edited by 

G. C. F. Bratenahl, Canon of IVashington Cathedral 

Mt. St. Alban, Washington, D. C. 






^^ 



ibriHUY of CONLihSiiS 
Iwo Oooies KeceiveJ 

FEB 15 1903 



OLnSS /»- XXc. Nu, 
j COPY '^\^. 



Copyright, 190S, by 
HkNRV Y. SATI'tKLEE, BISHOP OF WASH IMjTON 



TABLE OF CONTl'NTS 

PAGE 

Altar, The 26 

Ambon, The ;i2 

Baptistery and Jordan Font 38 

Bishop Claggett's Tomb 72 

Braddock Boulder 44 

Brotherhood of St. Andrew Service 68 

Canterbury Ambon 32 

Cathedral Organization 51 

Cathedral Services, List of 45 

Chapter, The 51 

Choir School, The 40 

Churches and Missions 52 

Close, The 19 

Council, The 51 

Constitution, The 48 

Description of the Proposed Cathedral 8 

Dimensions of Great Cathedral 16 

Drinking Water Fountain 44 

English Church and Papal Claims, The 82 

Foundation Stone Service 63 

Faith of the Framers of the Constituuun of the United States 80 

Form of Testamentary Disposition 85 

Faith of the Signers of the Declara" i i\ ck Ixdependexce 80 

Glastonbury Cathedra 28 

Glastonbury Thorn 35 

Hilda Stone, The 30 

Historic Episcopate 7;^ 

In the Name of a Disciple 3 

Interior of the Little SANCTfARv 26 

1 ( >x A Ston e. The 31 

Jerusalem Altar Tablet 27 

Jordan Stones, The 39 

Little Sanctuary and Its Contents 24 

Landmark and Sundial > S5 



( 



111 



IV 

PAGE 

Map of Washington i 

Missions and Churches 52 

Mace, The 54 

National Cathedral School for Girls 42 

Open Air Services 45 

Peace Cross and Salem Place 21 

People's Open Air Drinking Water Fountain 44 

Peace Cross Service 54 

Pan-American Missionary Service 57 

Roman Church — Erroneous Claims 82 

Salem Place and Peace Cross 21 

Saint Chrysostom Fund 22 

Sinai Cross, The 34 

Seal of Diocese of Washington 46 

Seal of Washington Cathedral 47 ' 

Services, List of 45 

Tomb of Bishop Claggett 72 

Washington Cathedral, The Exterior 8 

" " The Interior 10 

" " The Size 13 

" " The Seal 47 

" " The Constitution 48 

Whitby Abbey 30 



ILLUSTRATIONS 



View of West Facade of Cathedral 2 

Washington From Cathedral Close 7 

View of Cathedral From Southwest 9 

View of Nave of Cathedral ii 

Ground Plan of Cathedral i5 

View of the U. S. Capitol Through All Hallow's Gate 17 

The Close 18 

The Peace Cross 20 

People's Open Air Evensong 21 

The Little Sanctuary and Choir School 23 

The Little Sanctuary, Interior 25 

Jerusalem Stones Leaving Holy City 27 

The Glastonbury Cathedra 29 

The Hilda Stone 30 

The Iona Stone 31 

The Canterbury Ambon 33 

The Sinai Cross 34 

The Landmark and SundiAl 35 

The Glastonbury Thorn 35 

The Baptistery 36 

The Jordan Font 38 

Gathering the Stones in River Jordan 39 

The Choir School 40 

The Dedication of Choir School 41 

The National Cathedral School for Girls 42 

The Entrance Hall, Girls' School 43 

The Drinking Water Fountain 44 

The Braddock Boulder 44 

St. Alban's Church 45 

Seal of Diocese 46 

Seal of Cathedral 47 

The Mace 54 

Unveiling of the Peace Cross 55 

Pan-American Conference Service 56 

Christian Unity Service 59 

The Archbishop of Canterbury Giving Safatation 60 

The Foundation Stone Service 62 

Laying the Foundation Stone 65 

Visiting Clergy in the Procession 66 

The Bethlehem Stone 67 

Brotherhood of St. Andrew Service 69 

Brotherhood Service — The Procession 70 

The Bishop of London Speaking 71 

Bishop Claggett's To.mb 72 

George Washington 79 

Signers of the Declaration of 1 ndependence 80-81 




VIEW OF WEST FACADE OF WASHINGTON CATHEDRAL. 

[From the Architect's drawing.] 



TTTE beginning's of Washington Cathedral date back to the eigh- 
teenth centtiry, when Joseph Notirse. the private secretary of 
George Washington, used to pray, under the Gothic arches of 
the trees, that at some future date, (iod would build a churcli on 
"Alban Hill," and since that day there have been sacred and historic 
associations connected with the site, hallowed as those which conse- 
crate the beginnings of most luu'opean Cathedrals. 

The first service on the Cathedral Close was that of the Upraising 
of the Peace Cross September 25. 1898, commemorating the ending 
of the war with Spain. At that service members of the General Con- 
vention, with tiiousands of the people of Washington, were present, 
and President IMcKinley made an address. The same week the two 
Houses of General Convention passed the following resolutions : 

(House of P>ishops.) ''Resolved, That the members of this House 
express to the l^>ishop of Washington their earnest congratulation upon 
the happy inauguration of the Cathedral project, and their hearty 
prayers for God's continued and abundant blessings upon this part of 
his important work." 

(House of Bishops.) "Whereas it has been represented to some of 
the Bishops attending this session of the General Convention, that the 
grave of the first Bishop of Maryland, the Rt. Rev. Thomas John 
Claggett, is not guarded by a monument appropriate to perpetuate the 
memory of a man who bore such relations to the very beginnings of 
our ecclesiastical life ; and. 

Whereas, there is eminent propriety that his remains shoidd rest 
in the precincts of the Cathedral of SS. Peter and Paul in this city, 
therefore, 

Resolved, That a Committee of five Bishops shall be appointed by 
this House, to whom shall be entrusted the work of raising a sufficient 
fund to provide for the remtival and reinterment of the remains at 
such place as may be agreed upon, in consultation with the Bishop of 
Washington, and the erection of a monument fitting to mark the grave 
of this Father of our Church, the first Bishop consecrated on the Ameri- 
can Continent." 

(Hotise of Deputies.) "Resolved, That this House, mindful of 
yesterday's noble and most impressive service of the tuiveiling of the 

3 



Cross of Peace, on the proposed site of the Cathedral of SS. Peter and 
Paul, give joy to the Bishop of Washington for this formal and felici- 
tous beginning of his great Cathedral work, in the success of which 
the whole Church will share and in the doing of which the whole 
Church might well assist, and renders thanks to God that, through the 
influence of the Christian Faith, the old war cross, always a sign of war 
and desolation, is being more and more supplanted b}^ Christ's blessed 
cross of peace." 

The most recent service on the Cathedral Close was that of the 
laying of the Foundation Stone of the great Cathedral Church on 
September 29, 1907, followed by the Inter-National service of the 
Brotherhood of St. Andrew. At this time addresses were delivered 
by President Roosevelt, the Bishop of London and others. Sixty 
Bishops, two hundred members of the General Convention and between 
twenty and thirty thousand persons were present. And the week after, 
the House of Deputies of the General Convention, passed the following 
resolution. 

"Inasmuch, as there is now in process of erection in the City of 
Washington, our National Capital, the Cathedral of SS. Peter and Paul, 
which for many obvious reasons we should like to see completed in our 
day and generation, therefore. 

Be it Resolved, That the Triennial Convention held in the City of 
Richmond, Virginia, in 1907, earnestly suggests and recommends to 
cnurchmen, churchwomen, and all others who may be interested in 
the completion of this Cathedral that they make liberal contribuRons 
to the building fund and also remember it in their wills." 

Washington Cathedral, thus rising under the benediction pro- 
nounced upon it by our General Convention itself, will be representative 
of the whole Church ; and, therefore, when the Foundation Stone was 
laid, it was declared that "The Bishop, Chapter and Diocese of Wash- 
ington hold this Cathedral Church as a trust, not only for the people 
of the Diocese and city of Washington, but also for the whole American 
Church, whose every baptized member shall have spiritual part and 
ownership in this House of God." 

Already, by the Open Air Services on the Cathedral Close, 
Washington Cathedral has shown its power as a great Mission Church 
and has so popularized the Episcopal Church that, in the last nine 
years, vast congregations, numbering from fifteen to thirty thousand, 
have come together on great occasions, under the realization that this 
Cathedral will be God's House of Prayer for all people. 

Already, as a witness for Jesus Christ and what we believe to be 

4 



New Testament Chnrchmanship. the Cathedral has been a helpful 
educational power in respect to the Historic Church and the Faith 
once delivered to the Saints. 

Already, in the effort to build on the Christian foundation which 
God himself laid in our land, by preserving- the robust American type 
of Christian character which was developed in the colonial days of our 
forefathers, from the settlers of Jamestown to the pilgrims of New 
England, Washington Cathedral has been an influence for Church 
Unity, and has appealed to the religious and patriotic associations of 
those whose hearts are fired with the love of God and of their Father- 
land. 

It is right to hope and believe that what has thus been done in 
faith is the beginning of a spiritual work which will be permanent ; 
and that, standing in the midst of the surging, changeful secular life 
of the Capital of the Nation, Washington Cathedral will help to con- 
serve and perpetuate, with an ever increasing power for good that 
blessed heritage of Christian faith and conduct which has been handed 
down to us from the past. For the older and more venerable a Cathe- 
dral grows, the more hallowed and enduring its associations become. 

For ten years it has been the continuous aim of the Bishop and 
Chapter to render this Cathedral Ideal "An epistle seen and read of 
all men." And they steadfastly believe that when it is thoroughly 
understood and shared, not only by Christ's followers in Washing- 
ton but in the country at large, the substantial means to supplv the 
spiritual need and to build the beautiful Gothic Cathedral, designed 
by Messrs. Vaughan and Bodley, will surely be forthcoming. 

We shall never forget the religious zeal and artistic enthusiasm, 
with which the late Dr. Bodley co-operated with us in perfecting that 
design, until God called him to a higher sphere of service. The sur- 
viving architect, Mr. Henry Vaughan, assures us that all things ar^ 
now ready, and that for a sum which will not probably exceed f^ve 
million dollars Washington Cathedral can be completed in five 3'ears. 

How this amount can practically be raised, or from what sources 
it will come, we know not ; the Chapter is composed mainly of hard- 
working Rectors of parishes or busy men of affairs in public life ; 
and the Bishop upon whom comes daily "the care of all the Churches" 
has given his spare time wholly to the work of explaining and striving 
to create interest in the Cathedral Ideal.* 

*The substance of tlie Ic-cttircs and addresses delivered l)y tlie Bishop of 
Wasliiiigton is embodied in a little booklet entitled: "The Builders' Book of 
Wasliington Cathedral," wliich may be had free of charge by writing to the 
Cathedral Lil)rary, The Close, iViount St. Alban, Washingotn, 1). C. 



The Cathedral has already been blessed by the co-operaticin of 
those self-sacrificing- n:en and women, living and dead, who have 
shared our ideal ; and who have already contributed of their substance 
nearly one million dollars, in freeing tlie Cathedral Close from debt, 
or in erecting and endowing the schools and other buildings of the 
Cathedral Foundation. 

And we shall be grateful for any suggestions, coming from any 
source, as to how the necessary funds may be raised, provided, that 
no method shall be recommended which tends to the lowering of the 
Catliedral Ideal itself. In the New Testament we are reminded that 
the eye of God rests not only upon the offering but upon the motive 
of the offerer, and that "The gift without the giver is bare." Our 
Lord Jesus Christ said : "Whosoever shall give a cup of cold water only 
ill the name of a disciple, verily I say unto you, he shall in no wise lose 
his reward," and surel}-, we are fallen upon strange times and abnormal 
conditions, when in lands which call themselves Christian, we see 
everywhere about us multitudes who are prone to give in the name 
of philanthropy, or socialism, or from some secular interest, rather 
than in the name of Jesus Christ. 

Indeed, so great emphasis did Christ lay upon the motive of self- 
sacrifice in the giver, that in the ending of His ministry, when He 
saw a certain poor widow casting into the treasury of the Temple of 
God, two mites which make a farthing. He called His disciples unto 
Him and said: "V^erilv I say unto you that this poor widow hath 
cast in more than they all." And if Washington Cathedral is ever to 
be built as Christ's "House of Prayer for all people," the building must 
be a work of prayer and self-sacrifice, for we may not place one stone 
upon another unless we do it in Christ's way. and there are no funds 
on hand until God inspires faithful Christian men and women in our 
country to provide the means. 

May each giver have a sacred motive in oft'ering for so sacred 
an object and reap the reward which Christ assures us He "shall in no 
zvise lose," realizing that the same .Vll-seeing eye, which watched the 
poor widow, will rest upon him, if he off'ers his gift to Christ in behalf 
of those who come to worship God, 

IN THE NAME OE A DISCIPLE. 

Henry Y. Satterlee, 

Epiphany. A. D. 1908. Bishop of JJ\ishiiigfoii. 



g 

o 



Desctiption of tl)e proposeD CtitljeDcal* 

THE EXTERIOR. 

IN THE majestic beauty of the exterior the designs for Wash- 
ington Cathedral have surpassed all expectations. 

Standing on the highest part of Mount St. Alban nearly four 
hundred feet above the Potomac, covering an acre and a half of land, 
with the ground sloping away from it on every side, its roof line will 
appear to the eye on a level with the top of the Washington Monu- 
ment. As seen from the esplanade of the Capitol, and other parts of 
Washington, the Cathedral from end to end will loom up on the top 
of the hill which cuts against the Western horizon, with its three Towers 
mounting upward above it, pointing heavenward. And it may be said 
here that towers instead of spires were chosen because, as Wash- 
ington is in the same latitude as Southern Italy, or the Alhambra in 
Spain, spires, in the bright, golden sunshine of our atmosphere, would 
appear attenuated and indistinct. Italy has always campaniles instead ' 
of spires. Also while spires lend beauty to churches in the valley, 
towers seem more congruous with churches on the hill. The great 
Central Tower of Washington Cathedral will rise 220 feet in height. 
In recessed panels below the long belfry wind^y^^s, there will be figures 
of angels, each with a scroll in hand, upon which may be read the 
words, "Glory to God in the highest and on earth Peace, Good Will 
toward men." As it was from the lips of those Herald Angels that 
the Church caught first the word "Gospel" — "the glad tidings from 
Heaven" ; and as the angelic "Gloria in Excelsis Deo" is the aspiration 
which has given rise to the great Cathedral, it is most appropriate that 
this thought should find expression in its Central Tower. 

Passing down from tower to roof and walls, one will observe the 
fiying buttresses, the deeply recessed windows of transepts, the tracery 
of the clerestory windows, the carved parapet, the crocketed pinnacles, 
the statues with their canopies, and the ornamental use of texts 
from the Canticles of Morning and Evening Prayer. 

Regarding ornamentation, the architects say in their report: 

"One word as to the treatment of the building as regards its rich- 
ness, or the reverse. We think the drawings show that it is rich 
enough. That there should be plenty of surface of massive stone ashlar 
(or plain surface) is most desirable for all good architecture, especially 
with a building so large as this. A small building may be rich all over, 
but it is beneath the dignity of a great one. For a large building, if 
well designed, has an instinctive dignity and a grandeur about it that 
may well dispense with too lavish exuberance of ornament. Again, 



o 

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there should be concentration of richness and not a spreading of it all 
over a building. We think our building is rich enough. Internally, 
the Screen and the Reredoses, the Stalls and the Bishop's throne, 
could be as rich as any donor likes to make them ; but we think the 
fabric is sufficiently ornate, taking it as a whole. That it will be im- 
pressive by its size and dignity we doubt not. As we have said, we have 
suggested a good many statues which will give much interest to the 
building. They could be added by degrees." 

It will also be observed that the ornamentation on the exterior, 
as well as the interior, increases, as one approaches the chancel end,, 
or Sanctuary of the Cathedral, where the decoration reaches its climax 
of richness. 

Passing now to the chief entrance at the West end, first will be 
seen the two great protecting Towers, which, while they have all the 
massive dignity and simplicity of the campanile below, are full of 
Gothic feeling and delicate beauty above, when they rise into the 
clear blue sky. 

Then the observer will note that the great Doorways of the 
French Cathedrals take the place of the large West windows so prev- 
alent in England, because in our southern climate the light is not 
needed for the interior. 

The silent grandeur of the great portals of the Cathedral will be 
exceedingly majestic and impressive. It can be partially realized, even 
in the design itself, if one contrasts the human forms on the steps below 
with the arches which rise above them. 

The central Arch is 70 feet in height ; and the two side ones, 50- 
feet, piercing the two lofty Towers of the West-Front. These three 
arches lead to a deep Portico, which, itself, breathes a "welcome" and 
affords a protecting shelter to all who would enter God's House of 
Prayer. This Portico is 25 feet deep and stretches nearly the whole 
width of the Cathedral. 

THE INTERIOR. 

Beneath its shadows are seen the recessed Doorways, leading into 
the Cathedral itself, and ornamented, as at Rheims, with statues, arcad- 
ing and pillars. This Portico, illustrative of Old Testament History, 
may be, like Amiens, a Bible in stone. 

On entering, through the Central Doorway, the great interior, 93 
feet in height, with its iive aisles, 132 feet in breadth and 450 feet in 
length, is before us, in all its majesty. To quote the architects' words: 

"The first impression will be the continuous height of the main, 
or central part, namely, the Nave, Choir and Apse. The next, and 
nearly as powerful a one, will be the width: for with the outer aisles 
and the range of columns on either side, and the Tiansepts, the effect 
of the width will be very considerable. Then, as we hope and think 
may be confidently anticipated, will be the uplifting proportion of the 
whole— the tall piers and arches, with the Triforium and the lofty 

10 




\'ii:w oi" THE x.wi'". OF \\ASin\r,'i-()X {■A■^I^■:nl^\I.. 

lOOKlNG TOWARDS I'HK IHAMHI 

I I'rom thr Architctt's dr awing. 



Clerestory, and the rich and full, tree like, branching vaulting, spring- 
ing from soaring vertical shafts, rising from the floor, and of slender 
diameter. For pains have been taken to make the interior effect a 
striking and an inspiring one. 

"1 he Triforium will be continued around the Apse, knitting all 
together into, as we hope and believe it will be, an elevating, harmoni- 
ous whole : ad majorem Dei glorimn." 

When the eye becomes accustomed to the subdued religious tone 
of the interior, it will be noticed that this uplifting effect is caused, 
first of all, by the light coming down from above, as it does when one 
walks in a wood. 

While the lower part of the Cathedral is in the shadow, only half 
illumined by "the dim religious light of the dark stained glass win- 
dows of the aisles, the bright sun beams will stream downward through 
those of the high Clerestory, falling on Column and Triforium, with 
an exquisite play of light and shade." 

And, lighting up the groined stone roof, the vaulting ribs will meet 
like the branching limbs of great forest trees, flecked with shadows ; 
or, as in Exeter Cathedral, seem like angel hands, clasped in prayer 
above the worshipping congregation. 

The next object which catches the eye of every one who enters 
the Cathedral, lifted up' high, at the place where Nave and Tran- 
septs and Choir meet, will be the Cross of Christ, or the "Rood" ; 
proclaiming to everyone who enters here, that this is Christ's House 
of Prayer, and that there is no salvation except that which comes 
through Christ Crucified. 

In most English Cathedrals at the crossing of the Nave and Tran- 
septs beneath the Central Tower is an open lantern, which swallows 
sound. Oftentimes an architectural eft'ect is thus gained. But it 
is at the expense of Common Prayer and Common Praise; for 
this is the place where the Cathedral services are held, where 
the congregations gather for worship, where the choir leads in the 
praise of God, where the preacher delivers his sermon, and Avhere, 
therefore, everyone should be able to hear as well as see. By having a 
continuous groined roof all the way from the Portico on the West, to 
the Apse on the East, in the judgment of the Bishop, Chapter and 
Architects, not only will the architectural unity of the Cathedral be 
enhanced, but the "Common Prayer" ideal of the Anglican Com- 
munion can be far more adequately realized, in increased heartiness, 
warmth and devotional character of the services. 

High above the worshipping congregation will rise the Cross of 
their Lord in the middle of the Chancel Arch, and in the darkest part 
of the roof, preaching its own eloquent lesson : "And I. if I be lifted 
up will draw all men unto Me." Standing there, as it were, in the 
"midday darkness," when, for "All three hours, His silence cried," 
it will proclaim the Gospel Truth, that men must first come to the 
cross, as sinners, accepting Christ as their Saviour, before they can 
become partakers of the power of His Resurrection and the glory of 
His Ascension. 

12 



The L'hancel Arch itself is a characteristic feature; it will l)e nearly 
ten feet broad. On its "soffit," or under side, will be sculptured the 
forms of angels, hovering over the Rood and reminding us that Christ's 
Incarnation and Crucifixion, Resurrection and Ascension, are the mvs- 
tery that the "Angels desire to look into." Each angel will hold a 
scroll upon which are inscribed the words "Sursum Corda," the key- 
note, as it were, of the whole building. 

Then follows the greatest impression of all. From every part of 
the great Cathedral, whether one gazes from the West End, or from 
the Aisles, or from the crossing of Nave and Transepts, the brightest 
spot of light, to which every eye is attracted, will be the Jerusalem 
Altar, or Communion Table, with its soft dove-colored marble, stand- 
ing out in its pure simplicity, with the lofty and richly carved Reredos 
behind it, upon which, high up, enthroned in glory, appears the risen 
and ascended Christ, our Reigning King. 

This wonderful effect of light will come from two great windows 
on either side and west of the Altar and Reredos, each 65 feet high, 
and hidden from sight, in the thickness of the Cathedral walls. The 
radiance here, falling full upon Altar and Reredos, will be a perpetual 
and prophetic reminder of the glory of Christ's Resurrection and As- 
cension, of the power of His risen life, and of the benison that comes 
to all true Christians, through their union with Christ, whenever they 
approach the Sacrament of His Body and Blood, to Do this in ve- 
niemhrancc of Him. 

This same dazzling radiance will so catch the eye, that it will 
half reveal and half conceal the apsidal end of the Cathedral, which 
will appear in the shadowy distance, as if suggesting that the things 
which arc seen are temporal, while the things which are not seen are 
eternal. 

THE SIZE OF THE CATHEDRAL. 

While it is desirable, of course, to erect an edifice large enough 
for the congregation that may gather on great occasions in such a 
centre as the Capital of the country, it would be very shortsighted 
to sacrifice the devotional uses, the religious atmosphere, the archi- 
tectural beauty and monumental character of a great cathedral, with 
its exquisite gothic pro])orti()ns, simply to make a large auditorium 
for occasions like these, which come only once in every two or three 
years. The best form for such an auditorium is the opera house, and 
even thus, there is probably no opera house in the world which will 

13 



seat 4,000 persons."^ A cathedral is a distinctively religious building- 
which is to point to Christ, not only when great congregations pre 
present, but when they are absent, and to exercise the spell of its 
religious influence every day and every hour of the day, upon all 
who enter its doors. 

The Bishop and Chapter, therefore, told the Architects before- 
hand, that the chief aim was not to follow the popular notion of 
building "something big" which would "hold more people and be larger 
in size" than any European Cathedral ; but to upraise a House of 
Prayer for All People, which will breathe the devotional spirit of the 
Old Masters in Gothic Architecture and be felt by all to be a real 
witness for Jesus Christ in the Capital of the Nation. 

The Architects have not only set forth a design, in which that 
aim has been the ruling thought, but they tell us, in their report, that 
the proposed Cathedral "in its dimensions will be larger than most 
of the Cathedrals in England or on the Continent." 

This will be seen, when we compare its measurements with those 
of European Cathedrals. In making that comparison, however, it 
must be borne in mind that scarcely any two books agree as to such 
measurements, because in some works, the superficial areas include the 
Lady Chapel, the Chapter house or other buildings closely connected 
with the Cathedral, while in others they do not ; similarly, in the 
measurements of nave and aisles, etc., the length and breadth in one 
book is taken from the centres of piers, etc., and in others from the 
span of the arches. 

The following table of comparative dimensions is, therefore, only 
approximatclv accurate. The numbers refer to English feet. If. in 
some cases, the dimensions of Washington Cathedral seem smaller than 
those of European Cathedrals, it is because a Lady Chapel, Baptistery, 
Chapter house, etc., are not included in its superficial area or length, 
as thev often are in the case of these other Cathedrals. 



*In New York, the Metropolitan Opera House seats 3,500, and the Manhattan, 
nearly as many. The Opera of Paris, 2,092; the Alexander, St. Petersburg, 
2,332; La Scala, Milan, 2,713; Opera House, Berlin, 1,636; Opera House, Munich, 
2,370; Covent Garden, London, 1,684. 



14 




"t 1 ¥ it 



DIMENSIONS OF GREAT CATHEDRALS. 

SPAN OF 

LENGTH. NAVE. HEIGHT. AliEA. 

Washington 480 39 93 63,500 

York 519 45 102 63,600 

Ely 517 39 70 46.000 

Lincoln 493 39 82 57.200 

Canterbury 514 39 80 43-215 

Durham 469 39 73 

Gloucester 408 ;^2i 86 

Exeter 409 34 69 

Lichfield 370 28 57 

Winchester 530 32 78 53,48o 

Wells 415 32 67 

Salisbury 473 32 84 43,5L5 

Norwich 407 28 83 

Westminster Abbey 505 35 103 46,000 

Milan 475 56 ... 92,600 

Florence 475 55 . . . 65,700 

Amiens 435 46 144 70,000 

Rheims 430 48 125 65,000 

Cologne 427 . . 155 65,800 

Seville 56 ... 150,000 

Notre Dame 426 . . ... 



Kidder's Hand-Book gives the following as the capacity of several 
European Cathedrals, estimating one person to occupy an area of 
19.7 inches square. St. Peter's, Rome, 54,000; Milan Cathedral, 37,000; 
St. Paul's, London, 25,000; Duomo, Florence, 24,300; Antwerp Cathe- 
dral, 24,000; Notre Dame, Paris, 21,000; St. Sophia, Constantinople, 
23,000; St. Mark's, Venice, 7,000. 

According to this same estimate (19.7 in. sq.) Washington Ca- 
thedral will hold over 27,000 persons. 

But if we allow seven square feet, per person,- seated (and this 
includes allowance for aisles, passages, etc.,), then Washington Cathe- 
dral will seat over 5,000 persons on great occasions, when there will be 
standing room for several thousand more. For ordinary services a 
congregation of 3,000 will be near enough to the choir and preacher 
for all devotional purposes, and if ever a larger auditorium is needed, 
there is, on the Cathedral Close and overshadowed by the Cathedral 
v.alls, a natural open air amphitheatre, whose acoustical properties are 
so remarkable that 25,000 persons can hear every word of the service 
and sermon. 

16 



N'IKW Ul'' rill'', r. S. CAIMTOI. -I'lFROl-Cll Al.l. HALLOWS (lA'I'L 






\ 



l j ».. „ . fe^ 



VVy^SHlNCTON 
g^THEDRAL CLOSE 




" ■ ;"»"-A ■! ii .wjuf 



Cf)e CatftcDral Close* 

THE land purchased for the Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul 
is a tract of over forty acres, beautifully wooded with oaks and 
other forest trees, on the brow of a hill nearly four hundred feet 
above the level of lower Pennsylvania Avenue, and, so far as known, 
the most lofty Cathedral site in the world. It is bounded by Woodley 
Lane on the north, Wisconsin Avenue on the west, Massachusetts 
z\ venue and Garfield Street on the south and the proposed extension 
of 35th street on the east, and lies about one mile northwest of Sheri- 
dan Circle along the line of Massachusetts Avenue. 

The land originall}- belonged to Mr. Joseph Nourse, first Regis- 
trar of the Treasury under President Washington. At several times 
in its history the property would have become the site of a private 
residence and be lost to Divine uses had not a little church stood in 
the way, keeping the ground, as we can see now, for the Cathedral, 
in unconscious fulfillment of the prophetic text used by Rev. Dr. after- 
wards Bishop Coxe at the consecration service of St. Alban's Church. 
*'The place whereon thou standest is holy ground." The purchase of 
this land was celebrated by the unveiling of the Peace Cross, erected 
to mark the foundation of the Cathedral. 

Upon the advice of the architects it has been decided to put the 
Cathedral liuilding on the highest point of land, about midway between 
St. Alban's Church and the Cathedral School for Girls. 

Its west front will be about 350 feet from Wisconsin Avenue, 
and the north side will be 450 feet south of Woodley Lane. The 
chancel will be placed so that the rays of the rising sun will enter the 
East windows on the traditional day of our Lord's Ascension, May 4th. 

The building will be 480 feet long. In the ravine where the great 
Open-Air Services have been held, will be found a natural amphi- 
theatre, which with little arrangement will furnish an incomparable 
place for all such services, with space for twenty-five thousand people. 

On the brow of the hill overlooking the ravine stands the Peace 
Cross, and in the south-west corner of the Cathedral Close is The 
Little Sanctuary containing the Jerusalem x\ltar, the Glastonbury 
Cathedra, the Canterbury Ambon, the Hilda Stone, and the lona 
Stone. Services are held here daily. 

The All Hallows Gate leads to the Cathedral Choir School for 
boys, in front of which will be found the Glastonbury Thorn, a shoot 
of the celebrated Holy Thorn of Glastonbury. Here will also be found 
the Landmark, and a little farther north the temporary Baptistery, 
containing the beautiful white marble font, lined with stones from the 
River Jordan. A drinking foimtain stands on the southwest side 
of the Baptistery. 

Southwest of the Cathedral site stands St. Alban's Tarish Church, 
under whose chancel lies buried the Rt. Rev. Thomas John Claggett. 
D. D., the first bishop consecrated on .\merican soil. The tombstones 
of the Bishop and his wife, with the epitaph written by Francis Scott 
Key. stand in a wall of the church. 

The Cathedral School for Girls occupies the extreme northwest 
corner of the groimds. 



Cbe Peace Cross and ^alem place* 

ON Sunday, October twenty-third, 1898, there was raised on the Cathedral 
Close, ni the presence of the Bishops, Clergy and Lay Delegates of the 
General Convention of the Church, the President of the United States 
and thousands of people, an lona Cross of stone, twenty feet in height, 
called the Peace Cross. 

This cross was raised not only to mark the foundation of the Cathedral of 
St. Peter and St. Paul, but to connncniorate the time of the first meeting of the 
General Convention in the Capital of the United States and the ending of the 
War between Spain and the United States. 

On the face of the Cross is inscribed : The monogram of our Lord, L H. S. ; 
the Diocesan coat of arms and the motto, Scriptnra, Syinbolum, Mysterium, Ordo, 
the basis of Church Unity; the prayer from the Litany for Unity, Peace and 
Concord to all Nations; and on the pedestal, "Jesus Christ Himself being the 
Ciiicf Corner-Stone." 

THE SALEM. 

In order that the Open-Air Services around the Peace Cross, hallowed by so 
many associations, should receive an outward expression of their enduring char- 
acter the Cathedral School for Girls has added to the Peace Cross a large four 
square base, with broad steps ascending to the foot of the Cross on three sides. 
On the west this base is extended into a platform or pulpit, with an inlaid pave- 
ment of stones from the Holy Land and in the center of the pavement the word 
"Salem," which is by interpretation, "Peace." The preaching place at the foot 
of the Cross is thus appropriately dedicated to the preaching of the Gospel of 
Peace. 




TIIK I'F.OPI.K'.^ OI'F.NAIR KXH^NSOXC. 



^T"'\11K People's Open-Air Evensong has been held during the summer months 

I for the past scv-en years, every Sunday afternoon on the Cathedral Close. 

-^ The services draw together many hundreds of worshippers who in all 

probal)ility would in no other way be brought to hear the Gospel of the 

Kingdom of God. 



21 



The cause of the attractiveness of these Open-Air Services is apparent to 
anyone who has attended them. 

As the sun is sinking in the west, strains of music are wafted upon the air, 
in the voluntary before the service. The congregation, as they gather, face the 
city of Washington, lying in the valley four hundred feet below, where the 
exquisitely-shaped white dome of the Capitol lifts its head above the reddish 
glow of clustered houses. 

The leafy trees of the forest near by, frame in the landscape, or stand on 
either side, with their interlacing branches, like the Gothic aisles of a Cathedral. 
The breeze rustles through the leaves, the birds twitter in the branches, the 
commingled feelings of patriotism and religion which the beauty of the scene 
inspires, are deepened by the spell of sacred music which floats in the air. 
Then the musicians, selected from the United States Marine Band, surround the 
Peace Cross, and the keynote of the ser\ice is given in the theme of Mendels- 
sohn's hymn of praise, "All men, all things, all that hath life and breath, sing 
to the Lord. Hallelujah." Then comes the service of Evensong, followed by 
the simple gospel message, giving spiritual reality to the devotional feelings 
of the moment. 

The Peace Cross stands as a majestic sentinel in stone behind the preacher, 
and is always before the eyes of the people as they look toward him. Beyond 
the preacher and the Cross lies the beautiful city, its domes and spires touched 
by the tints of coming sunset, and suggesting thoughts of that other city whose 
Builder and Maker is God. 



Cjbe ^t CI)rp0O0tom jTunD. 

PROVISION for a succession of special Cathedral preachers was made long 
ago in the statutes of this Cathedral Foundation, by the establishment 
of the office of Canon Missioner. The work of the Canon Missioner, as 
the name itself indicates, is to conduct missions, to preach to the multi- 
tudes, to spread the Gospel message far and wide, and to preach in the Cathe- 
dral pulpit whenever occasion requires. 

To accomplish this object "The St. Chrysostoni Fund" has already been 
started, the income of which is to be applied to the salary of the Canon Mis- 
sioner. $6,000 have already been given to this fund, but at least $44,000 more 
will be needed to maintain a clergyman in a position which would command all 
his energies and occupy all his time. 

The St. Chrysostom Fund is established not only to support a Canon Mis- 
sioner in our day and generation, but to endow a permanent Office and provide 
for a SUCCESSION of Cathedral preachers, each one of whom will be, as age 
follows age, a living voice to proclaim the Gospel — the good news from Heaven — 
to sin-burdened souls. 



Cl)e Little ^anctuatp 

Aitb 3Jta GInutrnta. 

BETWEEN the Peace Cross and the Boy's School stands the gift of the 
children of Mrs. Percy R. Pyne known as "the little sanctuary/' 
with its attendant towers. The first of these towers is pierced by a lofty 
archway, through which one obtains an exquisite glimpse of our nation's most 
majestic building, the United States Capitol, and the shining dome of our 
National Library, Over this arch is the cathedral library, and adjoining 
rises the Bell tower containing a peal of fifteen bells, given by Mr. and Mrs. 
George S. Bowdoin, in loving memory of Fannie Bowdoin and Fannie Hamilton 
Kingsford. "The Little Sanctuary" has endeared itself already to many; 
and now the wanderer through the woods and lanes lying between Mt. St. 
Alban and the city, may hear betimes the sweetly chiming bells, recalling the 
angels of light welcoming the pilgrims of the night. Small as it is, "The Little 
Sanctuary" contains memorials, not only from the land of our Mother Church 
in England, but also from the Church in the Wilderness, as well as the Church 
on Mt. Zion at Jerusalem. Mt. Sinai, Jerusalem, Glastonbury, and Canterbury 
each bears testimony here to the continuity and catholicity of the Church in this 
land. As one steps within the door, with this knowledge, one feels surely that 
God is in this place, "This is none other but the house of God, and this is the gate, 
of heaven." 

The SINAI CROSS. On the right of the entrance stands a glazed case, 
containing the processional cross used at all the important ecclesiastical functions 
dn the Cathedral Close. This cross, known as the sinai cross, is most artistic, 
and is the gift of Mrs. Henry Carrington Bolton, in memory of her husband, 
who himself brought the stones from Mt. Sinai. (See page 34.) 

The JERUSALEM ALTAR. As one stands within and looks through the iron 
screen separating the sanctuary from the shallow nave, the visitor is struck by 
the simple majesty of the Jerusalem altar, adorned by a bronze Jerusalem 
cross. The Altar is the joint gift of different American Dioceses and Congre- 
gations, as the bronze tablet on the west wall indicates, and is composed of 
stones from Jerusalem, the Holy City. (See page 26.) 

The ALTAR CROSS was given in loving memory of Adelaide Augusta Jones 
Dean, of Boston, 1818-1902, and was consecrated to its present use by the Most 
R.everend the Archbishop of Canterbury in September^ 1904. 

The ALTAR VASES, ornamented with Jerusalem Crosses, are the gift of Mr. 
and Mrs. Spencer Aldrich. 

The brass ALTAR DESK is the gift of the Bishop of Washington and Mrs. 
Satterlee, in memory of their son, the late Reverend Churchill Satterlee. 

The ALTAR SERVICE BOOK was given in loving memory of the late the 
Reverend Francis Harrison, D. D., some while Priest of the Diocese of Albany, 
-and a well known liturgical scholar, who edited the particular edition repre- 
sented by this sumptuous book. 

The GLASTONBURY CATHEDRA. On the left of the visitor as he contem- 
iplates the Altar, stands the Cathedra, the Bishop's throne, the exponent of his official 
dignity and authority. It is made up of stones from Glastonbury Abbey, in Eng- 
land, the ancient British abbey which bore the same name as our Cathedral — St. 

24 



Peter and St. Paul. These stones, given by the churchmen of Glastonbury to the- 
churchmen in America, were presented in 1901. They bear eloquent testimony 
to our continuity through the English and British Churches with that of Jeru- 
salem. The GLASTOMiiKV c.\THEDR.\ was crcctcd through the generosity of "a 
friend." (See page 28.) 

The HILDA STONE. On the right of the visitor stands the hild.\ stone,, 
named after Northumbrian princess, St. Hilda, and is from Whitby Abbey, 
England. It was given by Sir Charles Strickland, Bart., of Baintr}- Manor, 
England, through the Reverend A. P. Lo.xley, Rector of St. Ninian's, Whitby. 
It contains the "Book of Remembrance," within which are written the names- 
of those persons and parishes which contributed toward the payment of the 
land of the Close and the names of the other benefactors of the Cathedral. 
(See page 30.) 

The lONA STONE. The stone set in the face of the transept wall is called 
the lONA STONE, and is from the ancient Celtic Cathedral on the Island of lona. 
Its inscription recites the last recorded words of St. Columba, who entered into 
rest on Whitsun-Day A. D. 597, "They who seek the Lord shall want no manner 
of thing that is good." (See page 31.) 

The CANTERBURY AMBON. In the eastern part of the transept is placed the 
CANTERBURY AMBON, or pulpit, the stoucs of wliich were given to Washing- 
ton Cathedral by the Archbishop of Canterbury, in memory of his predecessor, 
Stephen Langton. This Ambon, made of stones from Canterbury Cathedral, 
w^as sculptured under the direction of WMliam D. Caroe, Esq., the resident 
architect of that Cathedral. (See page 32.) 

The ivy on the walls, also from Canterbury, was brought by Bishop Leonard 
of Ohio, and planted by Miss Lucy V. Mackrille. 

The PRAYER BOOKS AND HYMNALS, as well as the racks, are memorial gifts from. 
Mrs. A. M. Wilcox. 




THE LITTLE S.\NCTUARY— iNTERIOR. 
25 



Cfje Unterior of tfte Little ^anctuarp. 

®I)p 3pru0alrm Altar. 

THE first stone of the Cathedral in the Capital of our country is appropriately the 
altar or communion table around which Christ's own i)eople may now, and through 
all coming generations, gather for communion with Him, tlicir reigning King and 
ever-living Priest in heaven. 
Thus, before a single stone of the material edifice was laid, or any definite thought was 
l)estowed upon its architectural style, its simple altar stood as a witness for Christ and 
Christ's own ideal of Christian brotherhood; as a witness for the only service of public wor- 
ship which Christ Himself ordained, and for the pure liturgical prayers of the primitive 
("luircli, and around this altar the coming Cathedral, in God's good time, will shape itself. 
This altar was consecrated Ascension Day, 1902, and is the united gift of nearly all of the 
Dioceses and Missionary Jurisdictions of the Church. The stones themselves of which the 
altar is made come not only from the Holy Land but from the Holy City of Jerusalem. The 
stones have been hewn from the lime stone rock of the "Quarries of Solomon," the entrance 
to which is just without the Damascus Gate. 

The altar is twelve feet long, four feet high and three feet broad. It is severe in its 
I erfect simplicity, without any sculptured ornamentation or carving whatever. On its four 
■'.ides are inscribed, in New Testament words, the record of those great events in the life of 
Him, to whom every knee shall bow of things in heaven and things in earth — the Crucifixion, 
liiuial, Resurrection and -Ascension of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. 

Stiarription uit lljp Altar. 
Ulljp iFrmtt. 

"Whoso Eateth My Flesh and Drinketh My Blood Hath Eternal Life, and I Will Raise 
IHm Up at the Last Day." 

iff Now is Christ risen from the dead and become the first fruits of them that slept. 
For since by man came death by man came also the resurrection of the dead. For as in Adam 
all die even so in Christ shall all be made alive. >lf 

if« Seeing, then, that we have a great high priest that is passed unto the heavens, Jesus 
the Son of God, let us hold fast our profession. ^ Wherefore he is able also to save them to 
the uttermost that come unto God by Him seeing, if* He ever liveth to make intercession for 
them. ii< 

SIljp Nnrll] Enb. 

Now in the place where He was crucified, there was a Garden, and in the Garden a new 
Sepulchre wherein was never man yet laid, there laid they Jesus, therefore, because of the 
Jews' Preparation Day. For the Sejuilchre was nigh at hand. 

®l|p Boutl} lEnti. 

And when they were come to the place which is called Calvary, there they crucified Him 
and the malefactors, one on the right hand and the other on the left, then said Jesus, Father 
forgive them for they know not what they do. iff And Pilate wrote a title and jnit it on the 
cross, and the writing was: Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews. 

Slip East ^iie. 

>J* I am He that liveth and was dead, and behold I am alive for evermore. Amen, if 

►S< Now, therefo}-e, ye are no more strangers and foreigners, but fellow-citizens with the 
saints and of the household of God; and are built upon the foundation of the Ai)ostles and 
Prophets, Jesus Christ Himself being the chief corner-stone; in whom all the building fitly 
framed together groweth into iff an holy temple in the Lord. ♦ 

And He took bread and blessed it, and brake, and gave to them. And their eyes were 
opened, and they knew Him; and He vanished out of their sight. ♦ And they rose up the 
same hour, and returned to Jerusalem, and found the eleven gathered together iff Saying the 
Lord is risen indeed and hath appeared to Simon. And they told Him what things were done 
in the way, and how iff He was known to them in breaking of bread. 

ifi To whom coming, as unto a living stone, disallowed indeed of men, but chosen of God 
and I recious, ye also, as lively stones, are built up a spiritual house, an holy priesthood, to 
offer up spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God by Jesus Christ. Unto you, therefore, which 
believe. He is precious, but unto tljem which be disobedient, the stone which the builders dis- 
allowed the same is made iff Tlie Head of the Corner. >r 

26 



Jlnarriptinn on Il|p BraHH Sablrl (IDpbI Hall). 



»J< 



Sljia Altar 



^ 



HEWN FROM THE ROCKS, OUTSIDE THE WALLS OF JERUSALEM 

FROM WHICH THE STONES OF THE TEMPLE WERE QUARRIED 

NOT FAR FROM 

"THE PLACE WHICH IS CALLED CALVARY" 

"WITHOUT THE GATE" 

"NIGH UNTO THE CITY" 

WHERE CHRIST WAS CRUCIFIED 

AND BURIED, FOR 

•IN THE PLACE WHERE HE WAS CRUCIFIED THERE WAS A GARDEN 

AND IN THE GARDEN A NEW SEPULCHRE" 

"AND THE SEPULCHRE WAS NIGH AT HAND," 

FROM WHICH ALSO HE AROSE AGAIN 

FROM THE DEAD 

LIAS BEEN GIVEN TO 

THE CATHEDRAL OF SS. PETER AND PAUL 

IX WASHINGTON BY THE FOLLOWING DIOCESES, 

MISSIONARY JURISDICTIONS AND CONGREGATIONS: 



Alaska, 

Albany, 

Arizona, 

Arkansas, 

Asheville, 

Boise, 

California, 

Central Pennsylvania, 

Chicago, 

Colorado, 

Connecticut, 

Dallas, 

Delaware, 

Duluth, 

Easton, 

East Carolina, 

Florida, 

Fond du Lac, 



Georgia, 

Indiana, 

Iowa, 

Kansas, 

Kentucky, 

Lexington, 

Long Island, 

Los Angeles, 

Louisiana, 

Maine, 

Maryland, 

Massachusetts, 

Michigan, 

Michigan City, 

Minnesota, 

Missouri, 

Newark, 

Nebraska, 



New Hampshire, 
New Jersey, 
New Mexico, 
New York, 
North Dakota, 
North Carolina, 
Oklahoma and 

Indian Territory, 
Oregon, 
Pennsylvania, 
Pittsburg, 
Quincy, 
Rhode Island, 
Sacramento, 
South Carolina, 
South Dakota, 
Southern Florida, 
Southern Ohio, 



Springfield, 
Tennessee, 
Texas, 
Virginia, 
West Virginia, 
Washington, 
Western New York, 
WesternMassachusetts 
Western Michigan, 
Western Texas, 
Kyoto, 

Philippine Islands, 
Shanghai, 
Tokio, 

St. Paul's, Rome, 
Mexico, 
Ohio. 




THE STONi:S LEAVING JERUSALEM. 
27 



OIIiP (glaatnttbuBg (Hallirbra. 

THIS Cathedra, made from the stones of Glastonbury Abbey, car- 
ries us back to the beginning of Christianity in the British Isles. 
There is a traditional story that the Church of Glastonbury was 
founded by Joseph of Arimathea. Baronius asserts that this took place 
in the year A. D. 43. In any case its origin goes back to the first 
Christian missionaries, several hundred years before the landing of 
Augustine. 

Mr. Stanley Austin, the donor of these historic stones, requested 
that they should be formed into a Bishop's chair and remain a witness 
to the continuity of the Church. The stones themselves have the 
characteristic carving of Glastonbury, and have been taken from that 
part of the ruins which was erected about the late Norman period of 
English architecture, that is in the twelfth century. These stones 
form the lower part of the chair, the seat or cathedra proper; and 
the two pillars that rise from the arms on either side. The 
inscription on the panel forming the back of the chair 
most appropriately sets forth the terms of the Chicago-Lambeth 
Quadrilateral, the basis which our Church has proposed for Christian 
Unity, "Holy Scripture and Apostolic Creed, Holy Sacrament and 
Apostolic Order." Above the old Glastonbury pillars on each side of 
the chair rises a Bishop's pastoral stafif, and in the centre, above the 
panel, the Bishop's mitre. The panel immediately above the seat of 
the chair bears witness to the continuity of the Church in the inscrip- 
tion of the names of twenty-one Bishops of historical note, beginning 
with the names of Eborius, Bishop of York ; Restitutus, Bishop of 
London, and Adelfius, Bishop of Carleon-on-Usk, three British Bishops 
who attended the Council of Aries in Gaul, A. D. 314. 
The cathedra has the following inscription : 

THIS GLASTONBURY CATHEDRA. 

IS RAISED AS A WITNESS TO THE CONTINUITY OF 

THE ANGLICAN CHURCH 

AND PRESENTED ON 

ASCENSION DAY, 1901 

THESE STONES FROM THE ANCIENT BRITISH 

ABBEY OF SS. PETER AND PAUL 

ARE GIVEN 

BY THE CHURCHMEN OF GLASTONBURY 

TO THE CHURCHMEN IN AMERICA 

FOR THE CATHEDRAL 

OF SS. PETER AND PAUL 

WASHINGTON, D. C. 

28 




CHAIR OF ST. ArcUSTIN'E 
A. D. 597. 



2() 



ON THE south side of the chancel in the Little Sanctuary has 
been placed the Book of Remembrance in a stone prepared for it. 
This Hook of Remembrance contains the names of benefactors 
of the Cathedral, the first of which are those whose gifts purchased the 
land of the Close. Of especial interest is the "Hilda Stone," which is 
placed over the opening containing the Book. The stone, which is 
from the ancient Abbey of St. Hilda at \Miitl)y in England, bears the 
following inscription : 

HILDA STONE 

FROM 

W'HITBY ABBEY, ENGLAND 

PRESENTED TO 

THE WASHLNGTON CATHEDRAL 

BY 

SIR CHARLES STRICKLAND 

THROUGH 

REV. A. P. LOXLEY 

A. D. 1900. 

Whitby Abbe}- was 
founded by Hilda, a grand- 
niece of King Edwin. It 
stood and the ruins still 
remain upon the summit of 
the great Yorkshire cliiTs. 
Hilda is celebrated for 
having established one of 
the first schools for girls in 
England, and as the head 
of a great cluster of schools 
for men as well as women. 
The greatest title to fame 
which the Abbey possesses 
is the name of Caedmon, 
the leather of English 
poetry, who was a herds- 
man of the Abbey, but like 
Amos • of old became a 
prophet to the men of his 
day. 



':\ 


^^1 


?' '^„;„^" 




1 ^' 

A.J -. . 


1 


J 


N 


r 


.'-';.*m^v^.- m v^'^,- 


■ , i . : 




wniTRY ABBEY, FUUN'DliD A. D. 658. 



30 



3Jinui ^tmir. 



In the autumn of 1903, an unexpected and most interesting gift came to the 
Cathedral at Washington, from Scotland. It was from the Lord Bishop of 
Argyle and the Isles, through the curator of the Island of lona, the Rev. John 
Skrine. and was brought to this country by ]\Iiss Susan F. Grant. It is a stone 
from the choir of the ancient lona Cathedral, and comes to us, thus, as a link 
with the early Church, which was planted here in the far West, cither in Apos- 
tolic or post-Apostolic (la\ s, the Church, St. Albau. of Rcstitutus, h'borius and 
Adelphius, those Bishops who were present at the Council of Aries in A. D. 314, 
the Church of St. Patrick, of St. Columl)a and St. Aidan, of St. Cuthbert and the 
Wucralile Bede of Scotland and Northern Britain. 

Tlie last recorded words of St. Columba, who died A. 1). ^i.)~. lia\e been cut 
upiMi this stone, as shown in the ilhistration below. 

lona Cathedral was founded jjy Columba 
A. D. 565. The Island of lona was given to 
him to 1)0 used for religious purposes, and 
there he also founded a monastery, to which 
the whole of northern Scotland and the isles 
surrounding it owe their first knowledge of 
Christianity. Here were trained some of the 
greatest men in the early history of our 
Church. The Kings of Scotland were for 
many generations crowned b}- Columba and his 
successors at lona. on the stone which now 
forms part of the English coronation chair, and when they died they were 
buried in that holy isle. 




lONA C.\TUEDR.\L. 




I 111-: i(i.\.\ .s-i()Ni 



®l|p (Eantrrbury Ambnti. 



IN the south transept of the Little Sanctuary stands the large stone pulpit or "ambon", to 
use the older Eastern word. This ambon is made of stones from Canterbury Cathedral, given 
by the Archbishop in memory of his illustrious predecessor, Stephen Langton, who led the 
barons when Magna Charta, that bulwark of Anglo-Saxon liberty, was granted by King 
John, and has been fashioned into a pulpit through the generosity of friends in this country. 
All the work was done according to the design and under the direction of William D. Caroe. 
Esq., architect in charge of Canterbury Cathedral, and illustrates in stone the history 
of our English Bible. 

The ambon itself is ten feet high, nine feet wide, and nearly fourteen feet in length 
if one includes the stone steps by which the speaker will ascend from the floor into the pulpit. 
The pulpit stands on stone pillars and is embellished with three bas reliefs. At the angles 
are four statuettes and over the bas reliefs and statuettes is sculptured a frieze, which 
contains the names and dates of the principal editions of the Bible, as trans- 
lated from the original Hebrew and Greek into our mother tongue, and revised 
again and again, until it is the masterpiece of the English language. The translations recorded 
on the frieze begin with the record of the Anglo-Saxon Gospels A. D. 721, the Wicliffe 
Bible, A. D. 1383; William Tyndale's, A. D. 1525; Bishop Coverdale's Bible, A. D. i,S35; 
Archbishop Cranmer's Bible, A. D. 1539; the Geneva Bible, A. D. 1560; the Bishop's Bible, 
A. D. 1568; the "Authorized Version" (King James Bible), A. D. 161 1, and the "Revised \'er- 
sion," A. D. 1885. 

COMMEMORATES MAGNA CHARTA. 

Underneath the frieze the central bas relief represents Archbishop Stephen Langton lead- 
ing the barons under the oaks of Runnymede, handing the Magna Charta to King John for bis 
signature. Below this group is a scroll containing the first words of the charter, which bear 
such eloquent witness to the principles of civil and religious liberty of which the Bible itseii 
is God's charter. 

The left hand bas relief represents the venerable Bede on his deatlibed, dictating to one 
of his pupils the last chapter of his Anglo-Saxon translation of the gospel of St. John. The 
venerable Bede lies buried in Durham Cathedral, England, and while he is known chiefly for 
his celebrated church history, one of the earliest authentic English histories in existence, his 
memory is no less cherished for his great work in translating the Scriptures into his mother 
tongue. 

MARTYRDOM OF TYNDALE. 

The right-hand bas relief represents the martyrdom of William Tyndale, who made and 
printed the first English translation of the Bible, A. D. 1525. For this work he was exiled 
to Germany, and after many years his enemies tried to persuade him to return, but he refused 
to go. He was finally captured and imprisoned in the dungeons of the Castle of Vilvorden, 
where, on Friday, October 6, 1536, he was strangled and burnt at the stake. His last words, 
"Lord, open the King of England's eyes," are inscribed on a scroll below the bas relief. 

The four statuettes represent those who, at difi^erent epochs, stand out as most prominently 
identified with the history of the English Bible, viz.: King Alfred the Great (A. D. 871), 
who set forth the Ten Commandments and the Lord's Prayer in- the vulgar tongue for the 
use of his people; John Wicliffe. rector of Lutterworth, who issued his English Bible in .-\. 
D. 1383; Lancelot Andrewes, Bishop of Winchester, the most prominent of the translators 
of the King James, or "Authorized Version," in A. D. 161 1, and Westcott, Bishop of Durham, 
who was equally a leader in the company which set forth the "Revised Version" in A. D. 
1881-1885. 

The ambon tluis constructed bears enduring testimony to the progressive and successful 
efforts of our Church, to give the Bible to the people in their own language. 



32 




THE CANTERBURY AMBON. 



OX Easter Monday, April 24, 
1905, the Sinai Cross was con- 
secrated by the Bishop of 
Washington in his private chapel. 

The Sinai Cross is used as a 
Processional Cross, and is a gift to the 
Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul by 
Mrs. Henry Carrington Bolton, in 
memory of her husband, who was for 
many years a devoted Churchman of 
the Diocese of Washington. 

The Cross is of brass and set with 
highly polished stones of a deep rod 
color, which Dr. Bolton brought with 
him from Mt. Sinai on his last visit to 
the Holy Land. 

The arms of the Cross terminate 
in Scallop Shells, which are distinctlv 
the pilgrim's emblem, emphasizing the 
fact that our Christian life is a pil- 
grimage. A Scallop Shell has been 
used from the earliest davs for the 
pouring (jf water on the head of the 
candidate in Holy Baptism. The Scal- 
lop Shell is also the pilgrim's drinking 
cup, symbolizing the living water 
which Christ gives us to drink. 

( )n the front of the Cross is 
affixed a serpent, reminding us of the 
serpent which Moses "lifted u])'" in 
the wilderness and typifying the "lift- 
ing up" of the Son of Alan — but a 
dead serpent, symbolizing Christ's 
victory over sin won on the Cross. 

On the face- of the Cross is in- 
scribed thes-^ words : "Let God arise 
and let His enemies be scattered : let 
them also that hate Him fiee before 
Him." (Psalm Ixviii. i). These 
words were used b_v Moses each morn- 
ing during the pilgrimage of the Chil- 
dren of Israel in the wilderness as the 
Ark set forward, led by the cloud of 
the Lord (Numbers x. ^=,) . 

The Cross is used at all Cathe- 
dral services. 



34 



€l)€ LanDuuirk aiiD ^unlifci!. 




THE CATHEDRAL LAXD.MAKK AND SL'XDIAE. 

On the Ascension Day, A. D. 1906, the landmark given by Mrs. Julian James 
to commemorate the freedom of the Cathedral land from all debt, and the 
consequent hallowing of the Cathedral Close, was presented and consecrated. 
This landmark is a beautiful bronze sundial, surmounting an open air altar, on 
which are inscribed the names of those it commemorates. The sundial marks 
not only the hours of the day, but the different seasons of the Christian year by 
means of a device designed by the Bishop and worked out by Rev. Professor 
Bigelow. 

In the circle east of All Hallows Gate and in 
front of the Choir School is the Glastonbury 
Thorn, a gift of Mr. Stanley Austin and an 
offshoot from the celebrated thorn tree with 
which so many legends arc connected, known 
as the Holy Thorn of Glastonbury. One of 
the legends of the Glastonbury Thorn is that 
it sprang from the staff of Joseph of Arima- 
thea, who was sent by the Apostle Philip to 
preach the Gospel in Britain. On rcacliing 
Yniswitrin, afterwards called Glastonbury, he 
stuck his staff in the ground to indicate that 
he meant to stay there, and the staff put forth 
leaves and branches, and every year on Christ- 
mas it l)lossoms. 
King Arthur, one of Britain's greatest Kings, amuud whose name are 
gathered the stories of the Roimd Table and the search for the Holy Grail, was 
buried A. D. 532, at (ilastonbury. Giraldus Caml)repsis was an eye witness of the 
opening of King Arthur's grave in A. 1). 1191 by Henry H. 

35 




RriNS OF GLASTONBURY ABBEY. 

Haronius assigns the founding of 
his Church to Joseph of .\rimathca, 
A. 1). 4.-?. 



CiitljcDral jFont anD IStiptisterp. 

THE Baptistery is situated near the centre of the Cathedral 
grounds. This building-, about fifty feet in diameter, has 
been erected as a temporary structure, so that the Font may be 
used as occasion requires, and also to protect this beautiful and costly 
work of art from injury. 

The Font is made of pure white Carrara marble. It is octagonal 
in shape, fifteen feet in diameter, and raised on three steps. In the 
interior there are stone steps for descending into the water when the 
Font is used for immersion. 

In the centre of the Font stands the figure of the risen Christ, with 
upraised hand, giving the great command recorded in the last chapter 
of St. ]\Iatthew's Gospel, "Go ye therefore and teach all nations, bap- 
tising them in the name of the Father, and of the Son and of the 
Holy Ghost," while in his left arm he holds a little child, symbolizing- 
the command that he gave to St. Peter, after His resurrection, 
"Feed my Lambs." In His hands and side are the wounds made when 
He was upon the Cross. 

There is no halo about the head, the figure tells its own 
story, showing that it is our risen Lord, who was crucified and now is 
alive forevermore. This figure of Christ stands on a rock, out of 
which the waters of baptism flow, thus providing for flowing, that is 
Ik'iiig water, wdnch was so continuously emphasized by the Primitive 
Church. The interior of the Font is lined with stones gathered from 
the River Jordan. 

The principal events of our Lord's life, especially those recorded 'u 
the Apostles' Creed are sculptured on the eight exterior panels of the 
Font, as follows: (i) The Nativity, (2) the Baptism, (3) The Call- 
ing of the Apostles, (4) the Crucifixion, (5) the Resurrection, (6) 
the Ascension, (7) the Day of Pentecost, (8) the Coming of Christ to 
ransom His own at the Judgment Day. At each corner of the octagon 
stand the following Apostolic figures — St. Peter, St. Paul, St. John, 
Joseph of Arimathea, St. James of Jerusalem, St. Mark, St. Matthew 
and St. Luke. All the writers of the New Testament are here repre- 
sented, except St. Jude. His place is taken by Joseph of Arimathea, 
who gave his new hewn sepulchre for the entombment of our blessed 
Lord. The figure of Joseph of Arimathea thus connects, through the 
burial of Christ, the Crucifixion and Resurrection. 

Few baptismal Fonts, large enough for immersion, have been 
built since the rise of Christian Art, and this Font stands as a witness 
to the right of every Christian to have the Sacrr. went administered hv 
immersion as well as by pouring, as provided by the Book of Common 
Prayer. 

3,7 



Cf)e CatfteDral 15aptigterp anQ tf)e JorDan JTont 




A large Brass Tablet will be placed on the wall of 
the Baptistery in memory of those by whom the statue of 
the Risen Christ, the different has reliefs, and the Apos- 
tolic figures were given. Also the names of those who 
gave the Jordan stones and other parts of the Cathedral 
Font, the majority of whom were baptised or brought to 
confirmatiLin b\ the first Bishop of Washington. 




The Font in St. 
Martin's Church at 
Canterbury, A.D.S97 



38 



(ill]r dInriJan S^lunrs. 




In June. A. D. 1903, a caravan, bearing a new kind of burden, 
different from that ever witnessed before in the Holy Land, might 
have been seen wending its way over the road from Jericho to Joppa. 
It was carrying these stones from the bed of the River Jordan, to the 
ship that was to carry them to far-off America to hallow the baptismal 
font of the great Cathedral at \^'ashington. 

The above photograph sets before us the scene at the River Jor- 
dan itself, where the natives clothed in Oriental garb are gathering 
these stones at the Jordan's bank. 

The work was done under the supervision and direction of Mr. 
Herbert E. Clark, U. S. Vice Consul at Jerusalem. 

Many are the associations which the River Jordan has with 
God's people in Gospel days, but of course most hallowed of 
all remembrances, is the baptism of our Blessed Lord himself. In the 
distance is seen Quarantana, the Mount of the Temptation, identifying 
the place where the stones were gathered as the old ford of the Jordan 
on the road to Damascus, the traditional location of our Lord's 
baptism. 

It cannot be otherwise than an ins])iring thought, with those 
who. in coming days and centuries, shall be baptised in this Cathedral 
Font, that they stood upon the stones of the River Jordan, when, in 
fulfillment of the great commission of the Risen Christ to His Apostles, 
they were made members of Christ, the children of God, and inheritors 
of the Kingdom of Heaven. 

39 



CtitI)eDraI Cf)oir ^cljooL 




THE CHOIR SCHOOL 

VIEW OF NORTH FRONT 

In Memoriam 

James Buchanan Johnston 

Fell Asleep March 25, 1881 — Aged 15 Years. 

Henry Elliot Johnston 
Fell Asleep October 30, 1882 — Aged 13 Years. 

"We asked life of Thee, and Thou gavest them a long life, ez'en for- 
ever and ever." 



Mrs. Harriet Lane-Johnston, the niece of James Buch- 
anan, President of the United States, by her will bequeathed 
the sum of $300,000 to Washington Cathedral for a school for 
boys; one-half of this fund was directed to be used for the construc- 
tion of a building to be known as the Lane-] ohnston Building, and the 
other half to be invested as an endowment fund to be known as the 
Lane-Johnston Fund, the income of which is for the maintenance of 
the school. One of the objects of the school, as expressed in her will, 
is that the same shall be conducted and the income applied for the 
free maintenance, education and training of choir boys, primarily for 
those in the service of the Cathedral. The family names of herself and 
her husband are associated with the bequest made in loving memory 

40 



of their two sons, whose names are mentioned above. Especial care 
is thus provided for the choristers, those "young- ministers of the 
sanctuary/' whose early years are devoted especially to the service 
of God and the edification of His Church. It is intended that they 
shall be looked up to for their office sake and that the choir shall thus 
become the nucleus of the larger school, training- the boys in the ele- 
ments of learning and in the pious hope that many may become priests 
of God. 

In the execution of the trust, the Bishop of Washington appointed 
a committee to visit the Choir Schools of the English Cathedrals 
and also certain of the more important schools for boys in this 
country, and to report upon their architecture and administration. 
The Washington Cathedral School was therefore most carefully 
planned, and Messrs. York & Sawyer, Architects, of New York, were 
entrusted with the building. The corner-stone was laid by the Right 
Reverend William Paret, D. D.. LL. D.. Bishop of Maryland, with 
appropriate ceremonies at the time of the Open-Air Service, the Ascen- 
sion Day, A. D. 1905. The building was dedicated by the Bishop 
of \\'ashington on the Ascension Day, May 9, 1907, the anniversary of 
Mrs. Harriet Lane Johnston's birth. On this occasion, the Bishop, 
in his address said that "it was her aspiration that this Choir School 
should bless the Cathedral Foundation and maintain the education, 
mental and moral, of Cathedral Choristers for all the years to come. 
God grant that her ideal of holy music consecrated to the service of 
Almighty God may not fade away." 

The school is of stone, built in the ( "lothic style and is situated in 
the southwest section of the Cathedral Close. 




THE DEDICATION OF THE CHOIR SCHOOL 

THE ASCENSION \>.\\ . A. D. 1907. 



41 



Jl^ational CatfteDral ^ct)ool for airls. 




NATIONAL CATHEDRAL SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. 

VIEW OF SOUTH FRONT 



The National Cathedral School continues to he one of the most important 
features of Washington school life. The noble building which stands at the 
northwest corner of the Cathedral Close is the munificent gift of Mrs. Phoebe 
A. Hearst to the Cathedral Foundation. Her name will go down to posterity as 
the builder of the first hall of Christian education erected on the Cathedral 
Close. The interior furnishings were given by Miss M. W. Bruce of New York. 
The school was opened in October, igoo. with Miss L. A. Bangs and Miss 1\I. B. 
Whiton, B. A., as principals, who in 1906 were succeeded by the present Princi- 
pal, Mrs. Barbour Walker, M. A. 

The Bishop of Washington is President of the Board of Trustees and 
Chairman of the Advisory Committee. 

A specially fine equipment in the way of fire protection, sanitary, and water 
supply, well ventilated and sunny class rooms, gymnasium, art studio, music 
rooms, spacious assembly hall, arrangements for each resident student to 
occupy a room of her own, giving opportunity for private life and nuiet thought, 
and an isolated infirmary for the sick under the care of a trained nurse, have 
pleased parents with the care for the preservation of health and the development 
of character. 

The Faculty is an unusually capable and competent one. composed of graduates 
from the best colleges of the country. 

"The School is national as distinguished alike from what is sectional and from 
what is foreign ; the School is cathedral as distinguished alike from_ what is 
undisciplined, from what is non-religious and from what is petty." It is sought 
to give the girls such a Christian education as will thoroughly fit them for the 
respective spheres of life they will occupy after they leave their Alma Mater. 

42 



The corner-stone was laid im Tlic Ascension Day, 1S99, by the 
Bishop of Washington. In his address on this occasion the Bisliop said: 
"The chief aim of this school is to build uj) character by developini^ 
equally the spiritual, moral, intellectual and i)hysical life (tf its pupils, by 
deepening" the sense of Christian responsibility and personal loyalty to 
Christ, by aiming at the highest intellectual standards of modern 
education, and cultivating trained habits of study, by giving especial 
attention to physical health, out of door study and exercise, by sur- 
rounding the scholars with elevating social influences, and the refined 
atmosphere of cultivated home life." The School was dedicated on 
The Ascension Da\-, kjoo. Luigraved on its corner-stone are the words: 

"For Christ and His children. That our daughters may be as 
the polished corners of the temple." 

The Bishop in his dedication address expressed the aspirations of 
all who have been connected with the rearing of this institution, when 
he said: "May our daughters ponder those things they learn here, 
and keep them in mind that they may so live in this present world 
that their children and their children's children shall rise up and call 
them blessed." 




KNTRANCK IIAI.I. 

4.^ 



People'0 !i)pen ^it Drinking Cfiiater jFountain* 




During the summer of 1907 the Open 
Air Congregation gave to the Cathedral 
Close a drinking water fountain. The 
fountain is erected on the southwest wall 
of the Baptistery- and bears an inscrip- 
tion in the words of our Lord, "Whoso- 
ever drinketh of this water shall thirst 
again; but whosoever drinketh of the 
water that I shall give him sliall never 
thirst." 

The water passes through a Pasteur 
filter, and on Sunday afternoon, when 
the large crowds assemble, it is iced for 
the refreshment of those gathered at the 
Cathedral Close. 



^t)t 15raHDock IBoultien 

The Society of Colonial Wars in the 
District of Columbia, a patriotic organiza- 
tion consisting of descendants of ances- 
tors who were distinguished in civil or 
military life in North America from the 
settlement of Jamestown in 1607 to the 
battle of Lexington in 1775, and which has among its objects the comniemoratipn 
of important events during that period of our Colonial history, dedicated, with 
appropriate ceremonies, in the autumn of 1907, a boulder on which is a bronze 
tablet stating the fact that over the road in front of the Cathedral grounds. 
General Edward Braddock with British troops, marched on their way to Fort 
Duquesne, where, meeting a force of French and Indians, he met with severe dis- 
aster, culminating in his death, and from which defeat the British soldiers were 
only rescued by the foresight and wise discretion of George Washington. 




44 



Cije CattcDral Close ^ertJices 

iBl. *t. Alltait, maBl]utylmt, D. (fl. 

Services everv Sundav, 7.45, 9.45, and 11 a. m. (in St. Alban's Parish Church). 

5^niplp*0 (0prn Air lEui'namtri 

Every Sunday afternoon, from Ascension Day to the Sunday next before All 

Saints' Dav, at 4 p. m. 

Evening Prayer and Address every Sunday afternoon, from All Saints' Day to 
Ascension Day, at 4 p. in. (in St. Alban's Parish Church). 

Ifflrrk Sag ^rrliir^a 

IMorning Prayer, daily 9 a. m.. Evening Prayer, daily 5 p. m. (in the Little 
Sanctuary or in St. Alban's Parish Church). 

iinhl iaH0 

Services at 7.45, 9, and 11 a. m., and 5 p. m. (in the Little Sanctuary or in St. 
Alban's Parish Church). 

Annual i'prnirpa 

The Memorial Service is held in the Cathedral Close, on the Sunday next before, 

or the Sunday after Memorial Day (May 30), at 4 p. m. 

The Patriotic Service is held in the Cathedral Close on the Sunday next before, 

or the Sunday after the 4th of July, at 4 p. m. 

Nuttrr to l^iailors 

The Cathedral Close is open daily to the public, between sunrise and sunset, but 
the buildings on the grounds are not open for inspection during divine service. 




ST. ALRAN'S PARISH CHURCH. 



Cf)e ^eal of ti)e Diocese of tOa0l)ington» 




The above cut depicts the official seal adopted by the convention of the Diocese of Washington. 

ON THE dexter side of the shield appears the Jerusalem Cross 
signifying that our Church traces her origin in lineal descent not 
to Rome or Constantinople, but to Jerusalem itself, that while 
she claims to be only one branch of Christ's Church, she is a true 
branch, and a true witness in the twentieth century of what the 
whole Catholic and Apostolic Church was in primitive days. The 
left side of the shield is blazoned with the coat of arms of General 
Washington. He was a devout churchman, but held from deep 
conviction the necessity of separation of Church and State. The 
arms of the Father of His Country are incorporated into those of the 
Diocese of Washington as a suggestion of the principle that the 
only connection between Church and State is through each individual 
man, who is at once a citizen of the Commonwealth and a citizen of 
the Kingdom of Heaven. 

The motto of the Diocese of Washington sets forth the four Latin 
words : 

Script lira, Symhohim, Mystcriuiii, Ordo, 

Holy Scripture and Apostolic Creed, Holy Sacrament and Apostolic 
Order — the Anglican basis for the union of Christendom as set forth 
by the Lambeth Conference in the last century. 



46 



CJbe %tal of CO(79!)ington CatfjeDtaL 




THE design of tlie seal of the Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul which has 
been adopted by the Chapter, is the work of Mr. John H. Buck, formerly- 
head of the Ecclesiastical Department of the Gorham M'fg Co., New- 
York, and one of the most expert heraldic scholars in this country. 

Under the star, will be ob.served the Icthus, or fish, perhaps the earliest 
Christian symbol in the Primitive Church. The five letters of the Greek word 
for fi.sh are taken separately, the initials, in Greek, of the words, "Jesus Christ, 
God's Son, Saviour."' In this way the fish became a symbol of our Lord, and 
was a kind of countersign between Christians of those early times, when they 
were under persecution. It was not much used l)y the Mediaeval Church 
and is not used in modern times, and Ijccouks a valuable sjmbol for a 
branch of the Church representing primitive Christianity. The figures of the 
Apostles are accompanied by their traditional symbols. The Keys of St. Peter 
remind us that he opened the door of the Church to both Jews and Gentiles — 
(see Acts ii and x.) The sword of St. Paul is the eml)lem of the spirit of 
martyrdom, inspired in us by the Word of God, which is the sword of the Spirit. 
St. Peter holds the Gospel of St. Mark, the earliest Gospel, written at the dic- 
tation of St. Peter. St. Paul holds the Chalice and Paten, because, outside of 
the Gospels, St. Paul is the New Testament writer who narrates most about 
the Holy Communion (sec i Cor. x and .\i). r,encalh those figures is tlie Coat 
of Anns of the Diocese of Washington. 



47 



Cfje Constitution, 



THE FOLLOWING BY-LAWS ARE ESTABLISHED BY THE PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CATHEDRAL 
FOUNDATION OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FOR ITS GOVERNMENT, AND SHALL 
HEREAFTER BE KNOWN AS THE CONSTITUTION OF SAID CORPORATION. 



PREAMBLE. 



The purpose of the Cathedral Church in the Diocese of Washington is three-fold. 

First: It shall be a House of Prayer for all people, forever free and open, welcoming 
all who enter its doors to hear the glad tidings of the Kingdom of Heaven, and to worship 
God in spirit and in truth. It shall stand in the Capital of our country as a witness for 
Jesus Christ, the same yesterday, to-day and forever; and for the Faith once for all 
delivered to the saints; and for the ministration of Christ's Holy Word and Sacraments, 
wliich according to His own divine ordinance, is to continue alway unto the end of the 
w orld. 

Second: It shall be the Bishop's Church, in which his Cathedra is placed. Inasmuch 
as he is called to an apostolic office, and apostolic duties are laid upon him, this Cathedral 
Church is to be so built, and its organization is to be so ordered, as to afford him, without 
let or hindrance or divisions of his apostolic authority, full and free opportunity for dis- 
charging the responsibilities of his sacred office. 

Third: It shall be the Mother Church of the Diocese, maintaining and developing 
under the pastoral direction of the Bishop and the Dean, his \'icar, the fourfold work of a 
Cathedral viz: 

Worship, under the guidance of a Precentor; 

Missions, under the guidance of a Missioner; 

Education, under the guidance of a Chancellor; 

Charity, under the guidance of an Almoner. 

The better to subserve this purpose, all supraparochial organizations in the Diocese, 
evangelical and missionary; theological and educational; devotional and musical; charitable 
and institutional should be affiliated with the Cathedral as far as possible. 

The work of the Cathedral is not to be that of a Parish Church, because its sphere 
is above and beyond that of the parish. So far from interfering with parochial life, it 
must be a help and inspiration to all the parishes of the Diocese. 

The further and more definite organization of the different jiarts of the Cathedral 
Foundation, in its relation to the Diocese and the Church at large, the functions of the 
different officers, the responsibilities, privileges and limitations of each office, the different 
spheres of activity and matters of detail, are left open for adjustment as the work develops. 

The Bishop, the members of the Cathedral Chapter and the members of the Cathedral 
Council are charged with the responsibility, first, of maintaining for the time to come in the 
spirit of the Anglican Basis for Church Unity, this ideal of the Cathedral of Washington, 
so that its work may be ]iaramount and progressive; and, secondly, of securing that godly 
co-operation in the Church, which is set forth by St. Paul in the twelfth and thirteenth 
Chapters of the First Epistle to the Corinthians. 

ARTICLE I. 

Of the Object. 

The object and puriiose of the Corporation known as the Protestant Episcopal Cathedral 
Foundation of the District of Columbia, shall be the establishment, erection, maintenance 
and management of a Cathedral Church, and its appurtenances in the Diocese of Washing- 
ton, in accordance with the doctrine, discipline and worship of the Protestant Episcopal 
Church in the United States of America, together with such other foundations, missions, 
schools and religious works, as properly may be connected therewitli. 

48 



ARTICLK II. 

Of the Name. 

The Washington Catliedral is dedicated to Christ, as His House of Prayer. In honor 
of His blessed Apostles and Martyrs it shall be called 

THE CATHEDRAL CHURCH OF .ST. PETER AND ST. PAUL. 

ARTICLE III. 

Of the Goi'cniiiieiit. 

Section i. The government and administration of this Cathedral shall be vested in 
the Bishop of the Diocese of Washington and a Cathedral Chapter. 

Sec. 2. There shall be a Cathedral Council to act as a Senatus Episcot^i in accordance 
with ancient precedent. 

ARTICLE IV. 

Of the Catliedral Chapter. 

Sectio.n- I. Of Members and Powers. 

§ I. The Board of Trustees of the Protestant Episcopal Cathedral Foundation of the 
District of Columbia, exercising all the rights and powers conferred upon the Corporation, 
and subject to all the duties imposed upon the Corporation by the Charter granted by the 
Congress of the United States of America, on January 6, 1893 (The I'east of the Eiiiphany), 
and all amendments thereto, shall constitute the Cathedral Chapter. It shall consist of fifteen 
members. The tw-o names, Board of Trustees and Cathedral Chapter, designate one and 
the same body. 

§ 2. The Bishop of the Diocese, being ex officio the Chairman of the Board of 
Trustees, shall be e.v officio a member of the Chapter and its President. 

§ 3. The first members of the Cathedral Chapter shall be the Trustees holding office 
January 6, 1906; namely, Henry V. Satterlee, Alexander Mackay-Smith,^ Randolph H. 
McKim, Alfred Harding, John Si. Wilson, Charles C. Glover, John A. Kasson, George 
Truesdell, James Lowndes, (Icorge Dewey, Cliarles J. Bell, Thomas Hyde, Wayne Mac- 
Veagh, Daniel C. Oilman, and William C. Rives. They shall continue in office until their 
successors are elected, as is hereinafter ]irescribed. 

§ 4. As vacancies in the Chapter occur, whether by death, resignation or otherwise. 
after the adoption of this Constitution, they shall be filled in such manner that tlie fourteen 
members of the Chapter, other than the Bishop of the Diocese, shall, as soon as practicable, 
consist of seven clerical members, who sliall be priests in good standing, five of whom 
shall be canonically resident in the Diocese of Washington; and seven lay members who 
shall be well esteemed communicants of the Church. The said seven clerical and seven 
lay members shall be elected in manner hereinafter provided; they shall each hold office 
for two years, and shall be eligible for re-election at the end of their term of office. 
Sec. 2. Of Election to the Chapter. 

§ I. All vacancies among the members of the Chapter sliall be filled by election by the 
Chapter, upon nomination by the Bishop. 

§ 2. In case the Chapter decline to elect a person nominated by the Bishop, another 
nomination shall be made by him. 

Sec. 3. Of Meetings of the Chapter. 

§ I. An annual meeting of the Chapter shall be held on the Thursday of the first 
week in Advent of every year. A full report shall then be made by the Treasurer showing 
the exact financial condition of the Corporation. 

§ 2. The Chapter shall meet at such other stated times as it shall appoint. 
§ 3. F'ive members of the Chapter shall constitute a legal quorum. 

§ 4. Special meetings of the Chapter may be called as occasion requires by the Bishop, 
or in his absence or disability, by the Dean, or by three members of the Chapter. 
Sec. 4. Of the Officers of the Cathedral. 

§ 1 The Officers of the Cathedral shall be the Bishop, the Dean, the six Canons, the 
Secretary, the Treasurer and Members of the Finance Committee of the Chapter. Of the 
six Canons, four shall bear the titles respectively of Precentor, Chancellor, Missioner, and 
Almoner. The Dean and the Canons shall be Priests in good standing and Members of tlie 
Chapter. When the office of Dean is vacant, the Bishop shall act as Dean. Appointments 
to the offices of Dean, Precentor, Chancellor, Missioner and Almoner, and to the other 
two canonries. shall be made by the Chapter upon nomination by the Bishop, as occasion 
may require, from the members of the Chapter. 

§ 2. If a vacancy in the office of Dean or Canon continue unduly, it shall be the 
Bishop's duty to nominate some fit person to the vacant office when requested in writing by 
a majority of the Members of the Chapter. . , ,, , , 

§ 3. The seven Priests of the Chapter, according to ancient custom, shall be known 

as the Presbytery, and to these shall pertain, under the Bishop, all the spiritual functions, 

responsibilities and ministrations of the Cathedral, except as otherwise hereinafter provided. 

§ 4. A Secretary shall be elected annually by the Chapter, from among its own members. 

S 5 A Treasurer shall be elected annually by the Chapter, from among its own members. 

§ 6. A Finance Committee of three shall be elected annually by the Chapter, from 

among its members. 

49 



Sec. 5. Of the Ritual and Worsliip. 

The Bishop shall have supreme control of the ritual and ordering of the Cathedral 
services, and the delegation of any ])art of this power to the Dean or the Presbytery, 
is left for future consideration. 

TEMPORARY PROVISION. 

As long as the offices of Precentor, Chancellor, Missioner and Almoner, or any one of 
them shall be vacant, and whenever in the Bishop's judgment* the welfare of the Cathedral 
Foundation shall so require, he shall have authority, with the consent of the Chapter, to fill 
temporarily such offices by selection from among the Priests of the Diocese, in good 
standing; such appointments to continue, each for one year. 

ARTICLE V. 

Of flic Catlicdral Council. 

Section i. Of the Functions of the Council. 

r ^'^A^ S^^j^^I^\ Council shall devise ways and means of furthering the work of the 
Cathedral and of the Diocese, arrange for public and ecclesiastical functions, for meetings of 
Xl? V?"^'"^ Convention or other organizations of the National Church, which may be held in 
VVashington, and, in general, shall act as the Bishop's Advisory Council in all matters in 
winch he shall seek their co-operation, and in the nomination of the Principal Persons of the 
Catliedral, when the Bishop so desires. 

Section 2. Of the Cathedral Councillors and their Functions. 

§ I. Members of the Cathedral Council sliall be known as Cathedral Councillors, and 
shall consist of: 

The Bishop of the Diocese, who shall be ex officio Provost of the Council, the Bishop 
Coadjutor if there be one, and the members of the Cathedral Chapter; the following ex officio 
members of the Diocesan Convention: the members of the Standing Committee of the 
Diocese; the Archdeacons of the Diocese; the Deputies of the Diocese sitting in the last 
General Convention; the members of the Board of Managers of Diocesan Missions; the 
Treasurer of the Diocese; tlie Secretary of the Diocese; the Chancellor of the Diocese; 
the Rector of St. Alban's Parish. 

§ 2. The Cathedral Council may elect additional members to be called Honorary 
Canons of the Cathedral, to serve for five years, and to be eligible for re-election, namely, 
such rectors of parishes, professors in colleges, instructors in schools, chaplains connected 
with the diocese, not exceeding ten in the whole, as the Bishop may nominate. 

§ 3. The Cathedral Council may also elect additional members, to be called Cathedral 
Lecturers, such well esteemed, devout and godly men, holding fast without wavering the 
confession of the Nicene I-"aith, as shall be nominated by the Bishop. These shall not 
exceed fifteen in the whole, and shall hold office for a term not exceeding five years. They 
shall be eligible for re-election for a like term under the same conditions. 

§ 4. Honorary Canons shall each be required to preach, and the Cathedral Lecturers 
to lecture, at least once a year, if so directed in writing by the Bishop, at such time and 
place as he may designate. 

§ 5. The Cathedral Council shall elect annually its own Secretary and its own Treasurer 
from among its own members, the duties of the Treasurer to be designated by statutes 
hereafter to be enacted. 

§ 6. In case the Covmcil decline to elect an Honorary Canon or Cathedral Lecturer 
nominated by the Bishop, another nomination shall be made by him. 

§ 7. No man shall be held a Cathedral Councillor, until he has been duly installed 
in office. 

§ 8. To each member of the Cathedral Council a stall shall, if possible, be assigned 
in the choir of the Cathedral, and on all public occasions, when the members of the Cathedral 
Council are present in their official capacity, the Clerical Councillors shall wear their proper 
vestments, and the Lay Councillors such robes as may 1 e iirescribed. 

§ 9. A quorum of the Cathedral Council shall consist of twenty members. 

ARTICLE VI. 

Of Statutes. 

Section i. The Chapter shall have power to adopt from time to time, amend or 
re; eal statutes for the government of the Cathedral and of all matters pertaining to it and 
of all persons connected with it, provided the same shall be reasonable and not inconsistent 
with the Charter of the Cathedral Foundation or with this Constitution. 

Sec. 2. The Council shall have power to adopt from time to time, to amend or repeal 
statutes for its own government and administration, provided that they do not conflict with 
the Charter, this Constitution or the statutes enacted by the Chapter. 

ARTICLE VII. 

Of Amending Tliis Constitution. 

No change shall be made in this Constitution by addition, omission or alteration, unless 
after three months' notice thereof, upon the concurrent vote of two-thirds of the members 
of the Chapter and the written consent of the Bishop. Any change in Articles I, II, III, 
IV, or V, shall first be submitted for the consideration and opinion of the Cathedral Council, 
if such Council be then oermanently organized. 

50 



Ci)e CatjbeDral Drgannation. 



THE CHAPTER. 



Right Reverend Hnxm- "S'. Satticrlei:, D. D., LL. 1). 

Rev. Randolph H. McKim, D. D. 

Rev. Alfred Harding, D. D. 

Rev. W. L. DeA'ries/ Ph.D. 

Rev. G. C. Bratenahl. 

John M. Wilson, Brig. General U. S. A., Secretary. 

Charles C. Glover, Esq. 

Hon. John A. Kasson. 

Hon. George Truesdell. 

James Lowndes, Esq. 

George Dewey, Admiral, U. S. N. 

Charles J. Bell, Esq. 

Thomas Hyde, Esq., Treasurer. 

Daniel C. Gilman, LL. D., D. C. L. 

William C. Rives, JNL D. 



THE CATHEDRAL COUNCIL. 

Proz'ost. 
Right Rev. Tlcnry Y. Satterlee. D. D., LL. D. 

Coiiiicillors. 



Rev. C. S. Ahboti. 

Rev. Tohn A. Aspinwall. 

W. D. Baldwin, Esq. 

Chas. J. Bell, Esq. 

Rev. Jas. H. W. Blake. 

Rev. G. C. Bratenahl. 

Arthur S. Browne, Esq. 

Rev. Chas. E. Buck. 

Melville Church, Esq. 

Rev. W. L. DeVries, Ph. D. 

George Dewey, Admiral U. S. N. 

Rev. Geo. F. Dudley. 

Rev. Edward S. Dinilap. 

Chas. C. Glover, Esq. 

Hon. Daniel C. Gilman, LT>. D. 

J. Holdsworth Gordon, Esq. 

Vcn. George C. Graham, Jr. 

Rev. Alfred Harding, D. D. 

C. J. Hedrick, Esq. 

Rev. Fredk. B. Llowden. 

Thomas Hyde, Esq. 



Rev. Arthur S. Johns. 

Hon. John A. Kasson. 

S. E. Kramer, Esq. 

Ven. C. L La Roche, 

Blair Lee, Esq. 

James Lowndes, Esq. 

Rev. George LL McGrew, D. D. 

Rev. R. H. McKim, D. D. 

Rev. Walden Mver. 

Rev. Thos. J. Packard, D. D. 

Thos. Nelson Page, Esq. 

Wm. C. Rives, M. D. 

W. H. Singleton, Esq. 

Rev. C. Ernest Smith, D. D., D.C.L 

Rev. Roland Cotton Smith, D. D. 

Chas. H. Stanley, Esq. 

Hon. George Truesdell. 

Ven. Richard P. W^illiams, 

L. A. Wilmcr, Esq. 

John M. WilsoiL 

Brig. Gen. U. S. A., retired. 



51 



CatDeDral Cljuccbes and ^ission^. 



Pru-(<Iall)ri>ral (£l|«rrlj of lljr AHrruaiim. 

By a concordat entered into with the rector and vestry of the Parish of tlie 
Ascension, the Church of the Ascension has become the Bishop's Church or Pro- 
Cathedral. All ordinations and Cathedral services are held here, as occasion 
requires. 

Number of Communicants, 497 ; Sunday School Scholars, 159. 
Staff of Clergy: 

The Bishop of Washington. 
Rev. J. Henning Nelms, Rector. 
Rev. Robert E. Browning, Curate. 

CHAPEL OF THE GOOD SHEPHERD, 6th Street, Northeast. 

Number of Communicants, 482; Sunday School Scholars, 450. 
Rev. C. S. Abbott, Jr., Priest in charge. 

ALL SAINTS, Benning, D. C. 

Number of Communicants, 32; Sunday School Scholars, 64. 
Clergy of Good Shepherd Chapel, in charge. 

ST. MATTHEW'S, Chesapeake Junction, D. C. 

Number of Communicants, yj) ! Sunday School Scholars, 45. 
Clergy of Good Shepherd Chapel, in charge. 

CHAPEL OF THE HOLY NATIVITY, 17th and East Capitol Streets. 

Number of Communicants, 41 ; Sunday School Scholars, 57. 
Rev. Enoch M. Thompson, Priest in charge. 

CHAPEL OF THE REDEEMER, Glen Echo. 

Number of Communicants, 20; Sunday School Scholars, 40. 
Under charge Cathedral Clergy. 
Karl M. Block, Esq., Lay Reader. 

ST. GEORGE'S MISSION, Fort Reno. 

Number of Communicants, 16: Sunday School Scholars, 50. 
Rev. Edward Douse, Priest in charge. 

The folloiving CatJicdral Missions for colored people are under the super- 
vision of the Archdeacon of JVasIiingion. 

ST. MONICA'S CHAPEL, 2d and F Streets, S. W. 

Number of Communicants, 63 ; Sunday School Scholars, 87. 
Rev. J. C. Van Loo, Priest in charge. 

CALVARY CHAPEL, H Street, Northeast. 

Number of Communicants, 60; Sunday School Scholars, 108. 
Rev. F. L A. Bennett, Priest in charge. 

ST. PHILIP'S, Anacostia. 

Number of Communicants, 39; Sunday School Scholars, 25. 
Rev. W. V. Tunnell, Priest in charge. 

52 



C!)conologp, 

1791. Congress decides to make the future Cit.v in the new Federal district 

the Capital of the United States. 
1801. The Government of the United States removes to the City of Washington. 
1845. St. John's School for Boys occupies Mt. Alban. 
1855. St. Alban's Free Church built on Mt. Alban. 
1866. Mt. St. Alban first suggested for the Cathedral of Washington. 
1893. tpijjliaiiy (January 6th), charter for the Washington Cathedral Foundation 

granted by Congress, and approved by the President. 

1895. Diocese of Washington set off from Maryland. 

1896. iFraat of Ihr Annnnrtatinn, Consecration of the first Bishop of Washington. 

1898. Cathedral land bought for $245,000. 
General Convention held in Washington. 

Peace Cross raised to mark the foundation of the Cathedral of SS. Peter 
and Paul. President McKinley made an address. 7,000 persons 
present. 

All ^atntB. Bishop Claggett's remains translated to the Cathedral Close. 

1899. AHrrnBimi Say. Laying of tlie corner-stone of the Cathedral School for 

Girls. 

1900. Aarrnaton Bay, Tlie Cathedral School for Girls was dedicated. 

1901. Aarrtiainu lay. Raising of the Glastonbury Cathedra. 

Retreat for Clerg\' held in Cathedral Close, June 25-28th. Conductor, 
Rev. C. H. 'Brent, of Boston. 

1902. ABrrnaimi Say. The Jerusalem Altar placed in the Little Sanctuary. 
Dedication of the Little Sanctuary. 

^Ir. Stanley Austin gives some graftings from Holy Thorn of Glastonbury. 

Retreat for Clergy held in Cathedral Close, June 9-i2lh. Conductor, 
Rev. J. C. Roper, D. D., of New York. 
1903 Retreat for Women held in Cathedral Close. February 22-24th. Con- 
ductor ; the Bishop of the Diocese. 

The Diocesan Convention constitutes the Cathedral I'oundation an insti- 
tution of the Diocese of Washington. 

Aarrnaton Say. Beginning of third year of Open-Air Services and conse- 
cration of the Hilda Stone. 

Bequest of $300,000 by Mrs. Harriet Lane-Johnston for a Cathedral 
School for Boys. 

Open-Air Service of Pan-American Conference of Bishops. Address by 
President Roosevelt ; 17,000 persons present. 

1904. Aarrnaion Say, Consecration of the Jordan Font. 

Christian Unity Service. Sermon by the .\rclibishop of Canterbury; 35,000 
persons present. 

1905. Aarrnaton Say. Laying of the corner-stone of the Lane-Johnston Memorial 

Building of the Cathedral Choir School. 

1906. Aarrnaton Say. Hallowing of the Cathedral Close. Erection of the Sun- 

dial as a landmark and stone of remembrance. 

1907. Aarrnaton Say, The Cathedral Choir School dedicated. 

ilic Chimes placed in Belfry of the Little Sanctuary. 

Plans tor Catlicflral accepted. 

S>t. ffltrbarl an^ All Anyrla. Laying oi' tiie I'ound.alion Stone oi tlie 
Cathedral. .\(l(iress by President Roosevelt and the Bishop 
of London. International Brotherhood of St. Andrew service. 
Speakers, the Bishop of London. Associate Justice David J. Brewer 
and blather Waggett, S. S. J. E. 30,000 persons present. 

The L^nveiiing of the Braddock Stone. 

53 



Cf)e ^acz. 



The Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul has 
received a beautiful silver and ebony mace from 
Mr. Fitzhugh Whitehon.se in memory, of his 
revered father, Bishop Whitehouse, who was 
the founder of the cathedral system in the 
American Church. The handle of the mace is 
of solid ebony, with silver embossed rings. At 
the top is a beautiful molded silver figure of an 
angel, holding in one hand the sword of St. 
Paul and in the other the key of St. Peter, as 
emblems of the two apostles from whom the 
Cathedral bears its ancient name. This mace is 
in the care of the Cathedral Chapter and is 
used on occasions of public services when the 
Bishop is present. 



Cjbe Peace Cross ^eruice. 

The first of the Open-Air Services 
upon th.e Cathedral Close, destined to be- 
come so unique a feature in the religious 
life of the National Capital, took place 
( )ctober 23, 1898, when the Peace Cros.s, 
around which the services are held, was 
unveiled and dedicated. 

At this service, William McKinlev, 
President of the United States, took part 
as did the Bishops and other Clergy who 
were in Washington, attending the last 
Triennial Convention of the Nineteenth 
Century. Bishop Satterlee made the 
opening address, introducing the Presi- 
dent, who said : 



PRESIDENT MCKINLEY S ADDRESS. 

'T appreciate the very great privilege 
given me to participate with the ancient 
church here represented, its bishops 
and its laymen, in this new sowing 
for the Master and for men. Every 
undertaking like this for the promo- 
tion of religion and morality and edu- 
cation is a positive gain to citizenship, to 
country and to civilization, and in this 
single word I wish for the sacred enter- 
prise the highest influence and the widest 
usefulness." 

Bishop Doane also made an address, 
followed by r>ishop Whipple with pray- 
ers and the benediction. 



54 



IN October, 1903, the Pan American Conference of Bishops and the 
iSIissionarv Council was held in Washington. On Sunday the 

twenty-fifth, there was an Open-Air Service on the Cathedral 
Close at which President Roosevelt made the address. 

A large choir chosen from the various Episcopal Churches in the 
city, and accompanied by the Marine Band in vestments led the pro- 
cession of Clergv. Bishops and the Archbishop of the West Indies. 
About seventeen thousand persons were present. 

The service was the usual Open-Air Evensong. The Bisho]:) of 
Washington presented the President of the United States, who said : 

President Roosevelt's Address. 

Bisliop Sattcrlce. and to You Representatives of the Church, 

both at Home and Abroad, and to All of You, My Friends and Fello-w-Citisens: 

I extend greeting, and in your name I especially welcome those who are in a sense the 
guests of the nation today. In what I am about to say to you I wish to dwell upon certain 
thoughts suggested by three different quotations. In the first place, "Thou shall serve the 
Lord with all thy heart, with all thy soul, and with all thy mind"; the next, "Be ye therefore 
wise as serpents and harmless as doves," and, finally, in the Collect which you. Bishop Doane, 
just read, that "We being ready both in body and soul, may cheerfully accomplish those things 
which Thou commandest." 

To an audience such as this I do not have to say anything as to serving the cause of 
decency with heart and with soul. I want to dwell, however, upon the fact that we have the 
right to claim from you not merely that you shall have heart in your work, not merely that 
you shall put your souls into it, but that you shall give the best tliat your minds have got to 
it also. In the eternal and unending warfare for righteousness and against evil, the friends 
of what is good need to remember that in addition to being decent they must be efficient; 
that good intentions, high purposes, can not be effective and a substitute for power to make 
tliose purposes, those intentions felt in action. We must have the purpose and the intention. 
If our powers are not guided aright it is better that we should not have them at all, but in 
addition to being guided aright we must have the power also. In the second Quotation remem- 
ber that we are told not merely to be harmless as doves, but also to be wise as serpents. 
One of those characteristic humorists whom this country has developed and who veiled under 
jocular phrases much deep wisdom — one of those men remarked that it was much easier to 
be a harmless dove than a wise serpent. Now, we are not to be excused if we do not show 
both qualities. It is not very much praise to give a man to say that he is harmless. We have 
a right to ask that in addition to the fact that he does no harm to anyone he shall possess 
the wisdom and the strength to do good to his neighbor; that, together with his innocence, 
together with his purity of motive, shall be joined the wisdom and strength to make that 
purity effective, that motive translated into substantial results. 

Finally, in the quotation from the Collect, we ask that we may be made ready both in 
body and in soul, that we may cheerfully accomplish these things that we are commanded to 
do; ready both in body and in soul that we shall fit ourselves physically and mentally; fit 
ourselves by the way in which we work with the weapons necessary for dealing with this life 
no less than with the higher, spiritual weapons; fit ourselves thus to do the work commanded, 
and, moreover, do it cheerfully. Small is our use for the man who individually hcljis any of 
us and shows that he does it grudgingly. We had rather not be helped than be helped in that 
way. A favor extended in a manner which shows that the man is sorry that he has to grant 
it is robbed sometimes of all and sometimes of more than all its benefit. So, in serving the 
Lord, if we serve Him, if we serve tlie cause of decency, the cause of righteousness in a way 
that impresses others with the fact that we are sad in doing it, our service is robbed of an 
immense proportion of its efficacy. We have a right to ask a cheerful heart — a right to ask a 
buoyant and cheerful spirit among those to wiiom is granted the inestimable privilege of doing 
the Lord's work in this world. The chance to do work, the duty to do work is not a penalty, 
it is a privilege. Let me quote a sentence that I have quoted once before that impressed mc 
very greatly: "In this life the man who wins to any goal worth winning almost always comes 
to that goal with a burden bound on his shoulders." The man who does best in this world, 
the woman who does best almost inevitably does it because he or she carries some burden. 
Life is so constituted that the man or the woman who has not got some responsibility is there- 
by deprived of the deepest happiness that can come to mankind, because cacli and every one 
of us. if he or she is fit to live in the world, must be conscious that sucli res]>onsibility i ests 

57 



on him or on her — the responsibility of duty toward those dependent upon us; the respon- 
sibility of duty toward our families, toward our friends, toward our fellow-citizens; the re- 
sponsibility of duty to wife and child, to the State, to the Church. Not only can no man 
shirk some or all of these responsibilities — but no man worth his salt will wish to shirk them. 
On the contrary, he will welcome thrice over the fortune that puts them upon him to carry. 

In closing I want to call your attention to something that is especially my business for the 
time being, and that is your business all the time, or else you are unfit to be citizens of this 
republic. In the seventh hymn which we sang, in the last line, you all joined in singing 
"God, save the State." Do you intend merely to sing that, or to try to do it? If you intend 
merely to sing it, your part in doing it will be but small. The state will be saved if the 
Lord puts it into the heart of the average man so to shape his life that the state shall be 
worth saving, and only on those terms. We need civic righteousness. The best constitution 
that the wit of man has ever devised, the best institutions that the ablest statesman in the 
world have ever reduced to practice by law or by custom, all these shall be of no avail if they 
are not vivified by the spirit which makes a state great by making it honest, just and brave in 
the first place. I do not ask you as practical believers in applied Christianity to take part one 
way or the other in matters that are merely political. There are plenty of questions about 
which honest men can and do differ very greatly and intensely, about which the triumph of either 
side may be compatible with the welfare of the state — a lesser degree of welfare or a greater 
degree of welfare — but compatible with the welfare of the state. But there are certain great 
principles, such as those which Cromwell would have called fundamentals, concerning which 
no man has a right to have but one opinion. Such a question is honesty. 

If you have not honesty in the private citizen, in the average public servant, then all 
else goes for nothing. 

The abler a man is, the more dexterous, the shrewder, the bolder, why, the more dangerous he 
is if he has not the root of right living and right thinking in him — and that in private life, and 
even more in public life. Exactly as in time of war, although you needed in each fighting man 
far more than courage, yet all else counts for nothing if there is not that courage upon which 
to base it, so in our civil life, although we need that the average man, in private life, that 
the average public servant shall have far more than honesty, yet all other qualities go for 
nothing or for worse than nothing, unless honesty underlies them — honesty in public life and hon- 
esty in private life — not only the honesty that keeps its skirts technically clear, but the honesty 
that is such according to the spirit as well as the letter of the law; the honesty that is aggressive, 
the honesty that not merely deplores corruption — it is easy enough to deplore corruiition — but 
that wars against it and tramples it under foot. 

I ask for that type of honesty. I ask for militant honesty, for the honesty of the kind 
that makes those who have it discontented with themselves as long as they have failed to do 
everything that in them lies to stamp out dishonesty wherever it can be found — in high 
places or in low. And let us not flatter ourselves, we who live in countries where the people 
rule, that it is possible ultimately for the people to cast upon any but themselves the respon- 
sibility for the shape the government and the social and political life of the community 
assumes. 

I ask, then, that our people feel quickened within them the burning indignation against 
wrong in every shape which shall take effect in condemnation, especially condemnation of that 
wrong, whether found in private or in public life at the moment. I am asking only for the 
condemnation of wrong in its crudest form, just as I made the comparison just now, when I 
asked that a soldier shall have courage. I ask what we have a riglit to demand of every man 
who wears the uniform. 

It is not so much a credit to him to have it as it is a shame unutterable to him if he lacks 
it. So when I ask for honesty I ask for something which we have a right to demand, not as 
entitling the possessor to praise, but as warranting the easiest condemnation possible if he 
lacks it. Surely, in every movement for the betterment of our life — our life socially in the 
truest and deepest sense; our life political — we have a special right to ask not merely support, 
but leadership from the church. We ask that you here to whom much has been given will 
remember that from you rightly much will be expected in return. 

For all of us here the lines have been cast in pleasant jjlaces. Each of us has been given 
one talent, five, ten and each of us is in honor bound to use that talent or those talents 
aright, and to show that at the end that he is entitled to the praise of having done well as 
a faithful servant. 

I greet you this afternoon, and am glad to see you here, and I trust and believe that 
after tliis service each and every one of you will go home feeling that he or she has been 
warranted in coming here by the way in which he or she. after going home, takes up with 
fresh heart, with fresh courage, and with fresh and higher purpose, the burden of life as that 
burden has been given to him or to her to carry. 

The services closed after a short address h}- the Archhishop )f 
the West Indies. 



58 



Cfje Christian Onitp ^ertiice, 

ANOTHER most notable service in the history of Washington Cathedral, was that 
held in the interest of Christian Unity on the afternoon of Sunday, September 25, 
1904. The Archbishop of Canterbury — the first of the long line of distinguished 
primates of England who has ever visited America — gave the services of the day their 
crowning touch, when he offered the multitude before him a salutation from the Church of 
England. 

At the appointed hour the procession toward the platform began, headed by the Master ot 
Ceremonies, Rev. Alfred Harding, D. D. The scene was very impressive when the Archbishop, 
in the brilliant red vestments of the primate of England, and preceded by his crucifer, passed 
over the hill. The combined vested choirs of Washington, led by the full Marine Band, also 
in vestments, headed the procession. The clergy of Washington and neighboring cities fol- 
lowed close behind, and after them came the Bishops. These were: The Rt. Rev. C. C. 
Penick, 1>. D. ; the Bishop of Maryland: the Bishop of Boise; the Bishop of Fond du Lac; the 
Bisho]! of Easton; the Bishop of Cape I'almas; the Bishop of Georgia; the Bishop of the 
I'hilippine Islands; the Bishop of Albany; and the Bishop of Washington, who immediately 
preceded the Archbishop and his attending chaplains. 

The procession was awaited by the Chief Marshal, Gen. John M. Wilson, U. S. A., the 
members of the Cathedral Board, and other distinguished guests. The clergy of the various 
Christian bodies in the city had been invited to occupy seats on the platform and were present 
in a body, making it a Christian Unity Service in realtiy as well as in name. The sermon was 
preached by the Bishop of Albany. 

The Bishop of Washington presented the Primate, whose address was as follows: 

THE ARCHBISHOP OF CAiNTERBURY'S ADDRESS. 

"My Friends: I am called upon and privileged to give you on this great occasion — great, 
at all events, to me — what the paper in your hands calls a 'salutation.' I give it to you from 
a full heart, in the holy name of Him Whom, amid all our differences, we serve, our living 
Lord and Saviour, Jesus Christ. 

"It is not a little thing to me to be allowed in that name to greet you here — here at the 
very pivot and center of a national life, which for 130 years has had 'liberty' as its watchword, 
and for more than forty years has everywhere striven to make the word good. A vision rises 
before our eyes today whereunto this thing, with all that it implies, may grow. It has been 
given to us English-speaking folk, in the manifold development of our storied life, to realize 
in practice more fully than other men the true meaning of liberty — the liberty wherewith 
Christ hath made us free. Be it ours to recognize that such knowledge is in itself not a 
heritage only, but a splendid and sacred trust. The trust must be determinedly and daily 
used — used amid all the changes and chances of life to the glory of God and the immeasurable 
good of men. For that reason we want here, where the heart of your great nation throbs and 
sends its pulses through the whole, to keep raised overhead the banner of Him who has taught 
us these things, our Master, Jesus Christ. The principles He set forth are ours because they 
are His. He taught us that a man's life consisteth not in the abundance of the things which 
he possessed. He taught us that society exists for the sake of the men and women who con- 
stitute society. He taught us that surrender even of individual rights for the sake of Christ 
is nobler than defense of privilege. 

We must be herr to work, 

.And men who worV can only work for men. 

.\nd, not to work in vain, must coniprcliend 

Humanity, and so work humanely, 

And raise men's bodies still by raising souls. 
"These are ideals, but they are Christ's ideals, and therefore they can come true. We 
mean, please God, that they shall. We from across the sea join hands with you in the en- 
deavor to translate them into accomplished fact — fact, not fancy. What we are aiming at and 
striving after is a plain tl.ing. the bettering of peo]ile"s lives, to make men purer and men 
manlier, to uplift the weak and wayward and to trample under foot what is selfish and im- 
pure; to make certain that every one of Christ's children shall learn to know the greatness 
of his heritage, and shall have an ideal before him, an ennobling ideal of worship and of work. 
Christ charges us with that; we are trusted to work for Him among those for whom He died. 
No other period of Christendom can compare with ours in the possibilities which are set within 
our reach. No other part of Christendom, as I firmly believe, can do for the world what we on 
citlier side of the sea can do for it, if wc only will, (jod give us grace to answer to that 
inspiring call." 

The exercises were (ilanncd with great care and much credit for the successful execution 
of the programme was due to committees from the Clnirchmcn's League and Brotherhood of 
St. Andrew. It is estimated that fully 35,000 i)ersons were present. 

61 



Cfje Hapiiig of the jFounDiUion %tont of Mlasftington 

CatljeDniK 

Ox the Feast of St. Michael and All Angels, in the year oi our Lmd 1^07. in the pres- 
ence of the President of the United States, sixty-two bishops of the Church of the 
Knglish-speaking race, luindreds of clersy, a great vested choir, and thousands of 
people of all sorts and conditions, the liisliop of Washington laid the Foundation 
Stone of tlie Cathedral of St. I'ettr and St. Paul. 

"T^N tlie Name n{ tin- l''allior, and of tlie Sun, and of tlie lloly Ghost. Amen. 
I I do pronounce and declare dulx and truly laid this Foundation Stone 

of Washington Cathedral, to be huilded here to the glory of the ever blessed 
Trinity, and in honour of Christ our Lord, the Incarnate Son of God, and to be 
dedicated under the name and title of his blessed Apostles and Martyrs, Saint 
Peter and Saint Paul, as a House of Prayer for all people, and for the ministra- 
tion of God's holy Word and Sacraments, according to the use of the branch of 
the holy Catholic Church known as the Protestant h'piscopal Church in the 
United States of America. 

And I do furthermore declare and proclaim that the Bishop, Chapter, and 
Diocese of Washington, do hold and administer this Cathedral Church as a 
trust, for the benefit and use not only of the people of this Diocese and City, 
hut also of the whole American Church, whose every baptized member shall 
have part and ownership in this House of God. 

Other foundation can no man lay than that is laid, even Jesus Christ, who 
is God over all, blessed for evermore. Amen." 

With this declaration the Stone from the fields of Bethlehem, imbedded in a block of 
American granite, was laid, the first stone of the superstructure which will support the Cathe- 
dral .\ltar. T-. -TV 

Canon McKim began the service, followed by the Rev. William K. Huntington, D. D., of 
New York. The .Archbishop of the West Indies read the Lesson. The liishop of Cape Palmas 
led in tlic recitation of the Nicene Creed. After the laying of the Foundation Stone, the 
I^ishop of Wasliington presented the President of the United States, who said: 

Pkicside.nt Roosevelt's Address. 

"IHshop Satterlee, and you, my friends and fellow-countrymen, and you, our guests: 1 
have but one word of greeting to you today and to wish you Godspeed in the work begun this 
noon. The salutation is to be delivered by our guest, the Bishop of London, who has a 
right to speak to us because he has shown in his life that he treats high office as high 
office should alone be treated, either in Church or State, and, above all, in a democracy 
such as ours simply as giving a chance to render service. If office is accepted by any man 
for its own sake and because of the honor it is felt to confer, he accepts it to his own harm 
and to the infinite harm of those whom he ought to serve. Its sole value comes in the State, 
but above all its sole value comes in the Church, if it is seized by the man who holds it as 
giving the chance to do yet more useful work for the people whom he serves. I greet you 
here. Bishop Ingram, because you have used your office in the aid of mankind, and because 
while you have served all, you have realized that the greatest need of service was for those 
to whom least has been given in this world. 

"I believe so implicitly in the good that will be done by and through this Cathedral, 
Bishop Satterlee, because I know that you and those with you. the people of your Church, 
the pcojile of your kindred C"hurches. to one of which I belong, are growing more and more 
to realize that they must show by their lives how well they appreciate the truth of the 
text that they shall be judged by their fruits. More and more we have grown to realize 
that the worth of the professions of the men of any creed must largely be determined 
by the conduct of the men making those professions; that conduct is the touchstone by 
which we must test their character and Iheir services. While there is mucli that is 
evil in the times, I want to call your attention to the fact that it was a good many 
centuries ago tliat the Latin hymn was comnosed which said that the world is very 
evil and that the times were growing late. The times are evil — that is. there is much 
that is evil in them. It would be to our shame and discredit if we failed to recognize 
that evil; if we wrapped ourselves in the mantle of a foolish optimism, and failed to war 
with heart and strength against the evil. It would be e<|ually to our discredit if we sank 
back in sullen pessimism and declined to strive for good because we feared the strength 
of evil. There is much evil; there is much good. too. and one of the good things is 
that more and more we must realize that there is such a thing as a real. Christian 
fellowship among men of dilTerent creeds, and that the real field for rivalry among 
and between the creeds comes in the riv;dry of the endeavor to see which can 
render best service to mankind, which can do the work of tlie Lord best by doing 
His work for the people best. 

"1 thank you for giving me a chance to s;iy this word of greeting toilay." 

63 



Following the President's address was the Salutation by the Bishop 
of London, who said : 

The Bishop of London's Salutation. 

"Mr. President, fellow-bishops, and brethren of the clergy and of the laity: I must 
hrst, on behalf of this vast assembly, thank the President of the United States, in 
the midst of all his multifarious duties, for being present with us today and giving us 
those burning words of encouragement and inspiration. And may I, on behalf of my- 
self and of the visitors here today, thank you, Mr. President, for those words of en- 
couragement which you spoke to ine which will send me back across the sea inspired 
for my work. 

"But I come to deliver a salutation from across the seas to you, our brethren, here 
on this great day. I think one of the historic scenes that I remember best was 
when Archbishop Vincent came down at a time of great trouble in Wales, and he said 
these words: 'I come from the steps of St. Augustine to tell you that by the bene- 
diction of God we will not stand by and see you disinherited.' I can not say that I 
come from the steps of St. Augustine today — you had here a few years ago the suc- 
cessor of St. Augustine himself — but I do bring you here, with all the love from the 
old country, a present from the shrine of St. Augustine which will be part of your 
cathedral when it is fully complete. I come as the successor of St. .\ugustine's com- 
1 anion, Mellitus. to bring you from the old diocese of London, of which one day you 
were a part, a real message of love and Godspeed today. 

"Now, it may be asked, why do we who have to battle so much with all the present 
evil and wrong, why is it that we value so much these historical links? Why should a 
Bishop of London at a time like this cross the sea? For three reasons: First, 
because ours is an historical religion. Our religion consists in the belief that at a cer- 
tain time, at a certain place, at a little spot on this world's surface, the Son of God came 
down from heaven to us. That is the Christian religion. It is belief, not in a good 
man named Jesus Christ doing anything, but in the sacrifice and manifestation of God 
himself. And if that happened, if that is an historical fact, then we must value, you 
must value, every link that historically binds you to that great historical fact on which 
all our faith stands, and you can not afford in America, you do not want to afford, to 
break that golden chain. That glorious Atlantic cable which binds you to Palestine lay 
for more than a thousand years across tlie British Isles, and wc in those Britisli 
Isles had the honor of being the means by which that golden chain was brought 
to you. And if that is true of the Christian religion, I thank God we are, as the Presi- 
dent says, united in the unity of the faith — every Christian denomination — far more than 
the world believes. 

"If that is true of Christianity as a religion, it is especially true — and it gives my 
second reason for being here — of the great Anglican communion. We of the Anglican 
communion take our stand upon history. When some one says that the Church of 
England was founded by Henry V'lII, I ask how it comes, then, that the bishops of London 
liave lived at Fulham Palace for thirteen hundred years, and why it is that one of the oldest 
continuous pieces of property possessed by anyone in the whole of England is the estate 
of Tillingham, owned by St. Paul's Cathedral. And, therefore, our great appeal in the 
Anglican communion is to history. 

"We hold to the old historic faith with which we were entrusted. We stand for 
freedom. One of the most glorious sentences in English history is that sentence m the 
great Charter, 'The Church of England shall be free.' We stand for freedom of thought, 
freedom of study. We stand for historic ministry and we stand for an open Bible, and 
that is the reason why that present which I biing to you across the seas is so aj'propriate, 
because it depicts in that ambon or ]iulpit a great archbishop, at the head if the barons, 
bringing the Magna Charta to King John. It is made of stone from Canterbury Cathedral, 
the shrine of St. Augustine, and it depicts the great fight for an open Bible, which was 
at last victorious. Therefore we could bring you nothing which so speaks in stone what 
thj Anglican communion stands for, and that present I bring you from Canterbury today. 

"Lastly, we value these historical links because in the teeth of infinite difficulties 
my predecessors, the Bishoiis of London, tried to do tlieir duty to the infant Ameri- 
can Church. As the week comes on in more detail I think I can interest you by 
certain documents, some of which, Mr. President, I have shown you, by which it will 
be seen with what loving care those old bishops of London tried to do their duty to this infant 
Church. Therefore — and this is the third reason — it is appropriate I should speak this mes- 
sage as the Bishop of London, because of how much they would have rejoiced today at the 
laying of this Foundation Stone ot what is to be one of the most glorious cathe- 
drals in the Anglican communion. Therefore, I give you my salutation, because, as 
the President says, we fight against wrong, against tyranny, against evil. We fight to relieve 
the poor and aid the oppressed, on both sides of the Atlantic. Let the Church of lingland and 
tlie Church of America fight in generous rivalry as to which can do the best, and I say from 
my heart, God-speed to your work." 

At the conclusion of the Salutation the Bishop of \'iroinia read 
the offertory sentences, the Bishop of Maryland oft"ered the closing- 
collects and the Presiding Bishop of the Church in the United States 
crowned the great service with the benediction. 



6 



4 



jFouiiDtition ^^tonr. 







'^^^■^ 



'-^t*^: 



^%iiK 



Tlie ]'"()un(lation Stone of W'asliirgton Calliedral comes from a field near Betli- 
leliem. Tliese x'iews show tlie qiiarr\', and the field, with the Church of tlie 
Holy Nati\-it_\' in the hackground. Mr. Antoine Gelat, accompanied hy the 
American \'ice-Consul ;it lerrsalem. and a Turkish guard, is selecting the Stone. 




Jiuernational Contiention of tfte 15rotf)erf)ooD of 

At 3 o'clock in the afternoon on St. Michael and All Angels' Day, A. D. 
1907, an Open Air Service was held under the auspices of the Internationai 
Convention of the Brotherhood of St. Andrew in the natural amphitheatre 
which has been hallowed by so many impressive services. 

A vested choir of boys and men from Washington Churches and numbering 
over 500, supported by the full U. S. Marine Band, in vestments led the proces- 
sion, followed by the clergy, the Cathedral Council, and the officers of the Bro- 
therhood of St. Andrew, the Cathedral Chapter, and 60 Bishops, including Bishop 
Montgomery, the Bishop of Quebec, the Bishop of St. Alban's, the Bishop of 
London, the Archbishop of the West Indies, and the presiding Bishop of the 
Church in the United States. 

The entire hillside was filled with throngs of people including nearly 2,000 
members of the Brotherhood of St. Andrew, whose International Convention was 
at this tune sitting in Washington and who occupied reserved seats on one side 
of the fan-like slope. A careful estimate by the police and others placed the at- 
tendance at about 30,000 persons. 

When the members of the procession had reached their assigned places, 
Bishop Montgomery, of the Venerable Society for the Propagation of the Gos- 
pel, began the service. The Bishop of Shanghai read in the responsive reading 
•of the Psalms and the Bishop of St. Alban's read the lesson which was taken 
from John i, 35 to 51; the message of the lesson was joyously taken up by the 
great assemblage in the familiar Brotherhood hymn "Jesus Calls Us." " The 
voices of the massed choirs and of the 2,000 members of the Brotherhood of St. 
Andrew seated opposite them, inspired by the music of the Marine Band, 
blended with the twice ten thousand voices of the congregation under the ex- 
cellent leadership of the choirmaster, Mr. Edgar Priest, produced an efifect lu 
congregational singing not before equaled in open air services on Mount St 
Alban. 

The Bishop of Massachusetts led the congregation in the recitation of the 
Apostles' Creed, the appointed collects and prayers were offered by the Bishop 
of Quebec, afterward the choirs and people joined in singing the stately hymn, 
"Tn the Cross of Christ I Glory." 

Our Bishop then introduced the Bishop of Londoi>, who said that before 
speaking to the theme of the service, "Man's responsibility to man," he wished 
by commission from His Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury to present the 
ambon or pulpit made of stones from Canterbury Cathedral. In appropriate 
words the Bishop of Washington accepted the gift, after which the Bishop of 
London proceeded with his address.* 

Associate Justice David J. Brewer, of the United States Supreme Court, 
followed with a strong, throughtful speech on the same theme,* and he, in 
turn, was followed by Father Waggett, of the Society of St. John the Evangelist.* 

The presiding Bishop brought the service to a close with the benediction. 

As the sun sank in the West, the long white-robed procession moved up the 
hill toward the Peace Cross and St. Alban's Church, singing the familiar h3'mns, 
"Onward, Christian Soldiers" and "Sun of My boul, my Saviour Dear" and "For 
all the Saints who from their labors rest." Thus the beautiful service ended, 
long to be remembered by those who took part, clergy, choir and people, and 
last, but not least, the Brotherhood of St. Andrew. 



*A full report of tlie sermon preached by tlic Bisliop of r.oiidon on this occasion and the 
addresses of Associate Justice David J. nrewer and heather Waggett may be found in "The 
Foundation Stone Book" by William Levering DeVries. Canon of Washiiigton, which can be 
obtained at the Cathedral Library, ]\it. St. Alban, Washington, D. C. 

. 68 



IBisbop CIaggett'$ Comti in %)t aitjan'$ Cf)urci)« 




TOMBSTONES OF BISHOP CLAGGETT AND MARY C. CLAGGETT, HIS WIFE, 

(In St. Alban's Church.) 

IN accordance with a resolution passed by the House of Bishops at the Gen- 
eral Convention of the Church held in Washington. October, 1898, the 
remains of the Right Reverend Thomas John Claggett, the first Bishop of 
the Church of God consecrated on American soil, were translated 
to the Cathedral ground upon the Feast of All Saints, 1898, and rest in a vault 
immediately under the chancel of St. Alban's Church. 

As the Glastonbury Cathedra is a witness to the continuity of the English- 
speaking branch of the Church, so Bishop Claggett represents in his own person 
the historic Episcopal succession of our Church from the days of the Apostles 
and thus from our Lord Jesus Christ Himself. Through Bishop Claggett every 
bishop of the American Church since then derives his succession. 

Bishop Claggett was consecrated First Bishop of Maryland on September 17, 
1792, at Trinity Church, New York, during the seassion of the General Con- 
vention. Among his consecrators were : 

Samuel Seabury, Bishop of Connecticut, who was consecrated November 14, 17S4, by 
Scotch Bishops; and William White, Bisho|) of Pennsylvania, who was consecrated February 
4, 1787, in the Chape! at Lambeth Palace, London, by Moore, Archbishop of Canterbury, the 
Archbishop of York, the Bishop of Bath and Wells, in whose diocese Glastonbury is situated, 
and the Bishop of Peterborough. 

Bishop Claggett's other consecrators were Provost, Bishop of New York, who was Chap- 
lain of the Continental Congress, and Madison, Bishop of Virginia. 

Bishop Claggett and all tlie IJishops of our Church trace their historic descent along many 
lines and particularly from James, the Lord's brother, first Bishop of Jerusalem, from St. 
John at Ephesus, as well as from St. Peter and St. Paul. The lists given on the following pages 
are taken from "The Primitive Church" by Rev. A. B. Chapin, "Illustrated Notes on English 
Church History," by Rev. C. A. Lane, and "The Primitive Saints and the See of Rome," by 
F. W. Puller, S. S. J. E., and Regestrum Sacrum Anglicanum by Stubbs, Bishop of Oxford. 

The list of the Bishops from Jerusalem follows the British succession, and is therefore 
more especially associated with Glastonbury. 

72 



In Apostolic Days, it was licld llial the Churcli of Christ 
had no right or authority given her by Christ to originate a 
.Ministry by herself. The ".\postolic Ministry" means a Ministry 
Commissioned by Christ when lie cliose the Twelve Apostles. 
.Apostolic Succession means a law of Continuity, whereby the 
Order of Ministers, thus begun by Christ, is perpetuated from 
century to century, until "the end of the days." 

To protect this law of Continuity and prevent any possible 
break, it has been the Rule of the Church, from the earliest 
days, that no man should be admitted as a Bishop in the 
Church of God unless three bishops unite in the Laying On 
of Hands. This makes the .\postolic Succession, not like 
a chain, in which if one link is lost, the whole line is broken, 
but like a net in which there are many hundreds of inter- 
lacing lines of succession, and therefore, no possibility of 
any break. 

In the follownig lists several lines of historical succession 
are given : 

Bishops of Jerusalem. 







A.yi. 








A.D. 


I. 


James, the Lord's 




28. 


Valens, 




191 




brother, 


35 


29. 


Dolchianus, 




194 


2. 


Simeon, son of 




30. 


Narcissus, 




195 




Clopas, 


6o 


31- 


Dius, 




200 


3- 


Justus I, 


107 


32. 


Germanio, 




207 


4- 


Zachaeus, 


III 


33- 


Gordius, 




211 


5- 


Tobias, 


112 


34- 


Alexander, 




237 


6. 


Benjamin, 


117 


35- 


Mazabanes, 




251 


7- 


John I, 


119 


36. 


Hymenaeus, 




275 


8. 


Mathias, 


121 


37- 


Zambdas, 




298 


Q- 


Philip, 


122 


38. 


Herman, 




300 


10. 


Seneca, 


126 


39- 


Macarius 1, 




310 


II. 


Justus II, 


127 


40. 


Maximus HI, 




315 


12. 


Levi, 


128 


41. 


Cyril, 




33"> 


13- 


Ephraim, 


129 


42. 


Herenius, 




350 


M- 


Joseph, 


131 


43- 


Hilary, 




364 


15- 


Judas, 


132 


44- 


John II, 




^86 


i6. 


Marcus, 


134 


4.=^. 


Praglius, 




416 


17- 


Cassianus, 


146 


46. 


Juvenal, 




42 1 


i8. 


Publius, 


i,S4 


47- 


Anastasius, 




4.^8 


19- 


Maximus I, 


159 


48. 


Martyrius, 




478 


20. 


Julian, 


163 


49- 


Salntis, 




486 


21. 


Caius, 


165 


.SO. 


Klias, 




494 


22. 


Symmachus, 


168 


51- 


John HI, 




513 


23- 


Caius, 


170 




John HI , 


conse- 




24- 


Julian, 


173 




crated David 


fn-t 




2S- 


Maximus II, 


178 




Bishop of Menevia 




26. 


.'Xntonius, 


182 




now St. D, 


avid's, 




27- 


Capito, 


186 




Wales. 







Bishops of St. David's, Wales. 

The Diocese of St. David's comprises Southwest Wales. 
It is one of the .A.ncient Sees of the British Church. The 
ancient name of St. David's was Mynyw, Latinized into Me- 
nevia. In Welsh St. David's is known to-day as Ty-Ddewi, 
which signifies David's House. It was a seat of an Archbish- 
opric in the P.ritish Church. 

73 



5^- 



53- 
54- 

55- 
56. 
57- 
58. 
59- 
6o. 
6i. 
62. 
63- 
64. 
65. 
66. 
67. 
68. 
69. 
70. 

71. 
72. 

73- 

74- 



75- 
76. 
77- 
78. 
79- 



David, or Dewi, 

Saint, Archbishop. 

Commemorated on 

March ist, 
Cynog, 
Teilo, afterwards Bp. 

of Llandaff, 
Ceneii, 
Morfael, 
Haerwnen, 
Elwaed, 
Gwrnwen, 
Llunwerth, 
Gwrwyst, 
Gwgan, 
Clydawg, 
Einion, 
Elfod, 
Ethehnan, 
Elanc, 
Maelsgwyd, 
Sadwrnen, 
Cadell, 
Sulhaithnay, 
Nobis, 
Idwal, 

Asser (Adviser and 
Instructor of Al- 
fred the Great), 
afterwards Bisliop 
of Sherborne, now 
Exeter, 
Arthfael, 
Sampson, 
Ruelyn, 
Rhydderch, 
Elwin, 



519 
544 

566 



712 



83^ 



840 



906 
910 
961 



80. 
81. 
82. 
83- 
84. 
85. 
86. 

87. 



90. 
91. 
92. 
93- 
94- 
95- 
96. 
97. 
98. 

99- 
100. 

lOI. 

102. 
103. 
104. 
105. 
106. 
107. 
108. 
109. 
no. 
IJI. 

1*12. 

113 
114. 

"5. 
116. 



Morbiw, 

Llunwerth, 

Eneuris, 

Hubert, 

Ivor, 

Morgeneu, 

Nathan, 

leu an, 

Arwystl, 

Morgannuc, 

Erwyn, 

Trahaearn, 

Joseph, 

Bleiddud, 

Sulien, 

Abraham, 

Sulien Ddoeth, 

Rhyddmarch, 

Gri'ffri, 

Bernard, 

David Fitz Gerald, 

Peter de Leia 

G. de Henelawe, 

Jorwerth, 

.\nselm, 

Thomas Wallensis, 

Richard Carew, 

Thomas Beck, 

David Martyn, 

Henry Gower, 

John Thoresby, 

Reginald Brian, 

Thomas Fastolf, 

Adam Houghton, 

John Gilbert, 

Guy Mone, 

Henry Chicheley, 



924 
944 



999 



1023 
1023 

1039 
1061 
1061 
1071 
1076 
1076 
1088 
1006 
UK, 
1 147 
1 1 76 
1203 

i-'i5 
1230 
1246 
I2s6 
1280 
1296 
1328 
1347 
1350 
1353 
1361 
1381 

1,197 
1408 



Archbishops o' Canterbury. 







A. D. 








A. T>. 


116. 


H. Chichelev, 


I4I4 


132. 


G. Sheldon, 




1663 


117. 


J. Stafford, ' 


1443 


133. 


W. Sancroft 




1677 


118. 


J. Kemp, 


1 45-' 


134. 


T. Tillotson, 




169 I 


119. 


T. Bourchier, 


14.S4 


135. 


T. Tennison, 




1695 


120. 


J. Morton, 


i486 


136. 


W. Wake, 




171 5 


121. 


H. Dean, 


1502 


137- 


T. Potter, 




1736 


122. 


W. Wareham, 


T503 


138. 


T. Herring, 




1747 


123. 


T. Cranmer, 


1533 


139. 


M. Hutton, 




1 75 1 


124. 


R. Pole, 


15-^6 


140. 


T. Seeker, 




1758 


125. 


M. Parker, 


1559 


141. 


F. Cornwall 


s, 


1768 


126. 


E. Grindall, 


1575 


142. 


J. Moore, 




1783 


127. 


J. Whitgift, 


1583 




Moore 


conse 




128. 


R. Bancroft, 


1604 




crated Whi 


te firs 


t 


129. 


G. Abbott, 


1610 




Bishop of 


Penn 


- 


130. 


W. Laud, 


t6;?.^ 




sylvania. 






131- 


W. Juxon, 


1660 











74 



Bishops of the Church in U. 5. 



143. Wliite, First Bisliop 148. 

of Pennsylv'ia, 1790 149. 

White was a con- 
secrator of Clag- 
gett as first Bishop 
of Afaryland. 

144. Claggett, First 

Bishop of Mary- 150. 

land, I/O-' 

145. Kemp, l\Id., 1814 

146. Stone, Md., 1830 

147. Whittingham, 

Aid., 1840 



OTHER LINES OF EPISCOPAL SUCCESSION. 



Tinkney, Md., 1870 

Parct, Md., 1885 

In 18^)5 ilie dio- 
cese of Washing- 
ton was set ofif 
from the diocese of 
AFaryhmd. 
Satterlee, first 
Bishop of Wash- 
ington, 1896 



I. St. John, 

A. D. 100. The Apostle St. John died at Ephesus 
about this time {Ireii. Ill, 3). 

A. D. 97. St. John's pupil, Polycarp, became 
Bishop of Smyrna. 

Bishops of Smyrna. 

2. Polycarp, 

A. D. 156. In this year Polycarp was martyred. 
His pupil, Pothinus, had previously been sent to 
Gaul as Bishop of L}'ons (Rusch\:is IV, 5), 

Bishops of Lyons. 



A.D. 

33-100 



97-156 



Pothinus, 156-17 

AD. 177 In this 
year Pothinus was 
martyred and was 
succeeded by 

Iren^eus, 



c 

6. 

7- 

s. 


Zacharias, 
Elias, 
I^austinus, 
Verus, 


9 


Julius, 
Ptolemy, 


J I. 


Vocius, 


12. 


Rlaximus, 


i3- 


'IV'tradus, 


M- 


Verissinius, 


15- 
16. 


Justus, 
.Albinus, 


17- 


Martin, 
Autiochus, 


>9- 


P^lpidius, 


20. 
21. 


Ivicarius, 
P^ucherius I, 



187 



374 



427 



A.D. 

22. Patiens, 451 

23. Lupicinus, 

24. Rusticus, 494 

25. Stephanus, 499 

26. Viventiolus, 515 

27. Rucherius II, 524 

28. Lupus, 538 

29. Licontius, 542 

30. Sacerdos, 549 

31. Nicetus, 552 

32. Priscus, 573 

33. Aetherius, 589 

Aetherius, to- 
gether with Vir- 
gilius, Bishop of 
Aries, consecrated 
Augustine as Bish- 
op at Aries Novem- 
l)er 16, 597. .'Au- 
gustine afterward 
became Archbish- 
op of Canterbury. 



75 



Archbishops of Canterbury. 



34. Augustine, 

35. Laurence, 
j6- Melitus. 

37. Justus, 

38. Honorius, 

39. Adeodatus, 

40. Theodore, 

Theodore (him- 
self a Greek) was 
consecrated as 
Bishop by Vitalian, 
Bishop of Rome. 
(See following 
page ) 

41. Rerthwold, 

42. Tatwiiie, 

43. Nothelm, 

44. Cuthbert, 

45. Bregwin, 

46. Lambert, 

47. Aethelred, 

48. Wulfred, 

49. Theogild, 

50. Ceolnoth, 

51. Aethelred, 

52. Plegniuiid, 

53. Athelni, 

54. Wulfelni, 

55. Odo Severus, 

56. Dunstan, 

57. Aethalgar, 

58. Siricus, 

59. Alfric, 

60. Elphage, 

61. Lifing, 

62. Aethelnoth, 

63. Edisus, 

64. Robert, 

65. Stigand, 

66. Lan franc, 

67. Anselm, 

68. Rodulphus, 

69. Corbel], 

70. Theobald, 

71. a'Becket, 

72. Richard, 
73- Baldwin, 

74. Fitzjocelin, 

75. Walter, 



A. D. A. D. 

596 76. Langton, 1207 

605 77- Wetherfield, 1229 

619 78. Edmund, 11 34 

624 79. Boniface, 1245 

034 80. Kilwarby, 1272 

654 8r. Peckham, 1278 

668 82. Winchelsey, 1294 

83. Reynold, 1313 

84. Mepham, 1328 

85. Stratford, 1333 

86. Bradwarden, 1349 

87. Islip, 1349 

88. Langham, 136(^1 

89. Whittlesey, 1368 

90. Sudbury, 1375 

91. Courtney, 1381 

92. Arundel, 1396 

93. Chicheley, 1414 

94. J. Stafford, 1443 

95. J. Kemp 1452 

96. T. Bourchier, 1454 

97. J. Morton, i486 

98. H. Dean. 1502 

99. W. Wareham, 1503 
100. T. Cranmer, 1533 
loi. R. Pole, 1556 

102. M. Parker, 1559 

103. E. Grindall, 1575 

104. J. Whitgift, 1583 

105. R. Bancroft, 160 ^ 

106. G. Abbott, 16 10 

107. W. Laud, 1633 

108. W. Jnxon, 1660 

109. G. Sheldon, 1663 
no. W. Sancroft, 1677 

111. J. Tillotson, 1691 

112. T. Tennison, 1695 

113. W. Wake, 1715 

114. J. Potter, 1736 

115. T. Herring, 1747 

116. M. Hutton, 1751 

117. T. Seeker, 17^8 

118. F. Cornwallis, I7('^8 

119. J. Moore, 1783 
M core conse- 
crated White first 
Bishop of Pennsyl- 
vania. 



693 
731 
735 
742 
760 

763 
793 
803 
830 

830 
871 
891 
915 

Q24 
941 

9:9 

988 

989 

996 

1005 

1013 

1020 

1038 

T050 

1052 

1070 

1093 

1 1 14 

1 123 

1 139 
I162 
1 174 

1 184 
II91 
1 193 



Presiding Bi.'-hops of 

120. White, first Bishop of 

Pennsylvania, was a 
consecrator of Hop- 
kins as first Bishop of 
Vermont. 

121. Hopkins, first Bishop of 

Vermont, was a con- 
secrator of Tnttle, 
first Bishop of Utah, 
Idaho and Montana. 



the Church in U. 5. 

122. Tiittlc, Bishop of Utah, 
Idaho and Montana 
was translated to Mis- 
souri. 1886, and is 
now presiding Bishop 
of the Church in U. S. 



76 



SS. Peter and Paul, A. D. 68. 

Martyrdom of St. Peter and St. Paul at Rome. 

IrenaSLis, Bi.shop of Lyons, wlio wrote in .A. 1), 177 (Contra Onincs Ihicrcses), 
gives tlie order of the earliest Roman F>ishops tins: "Linns, Anencletus, Clement." 
Irenaeus represents the Church of Rome as having hcen founded "hy the ttvo 
most glorious apostles. Peter and Paul"; and then he goes on to say that "the 
blessed apostles having founded and huilded the Church, committed the ministry 
of the episcopate to Linus." 



A. D. 64, 

Tradition says that 
St. Paul, after his 
first imprisonment 
at Rome, went to 
Spain, and possibly 
to Britain. That 
about this time 
Trophimus. the 
Ephesian referred to 
in the Acts of the 
Apostles and in St. 
Paul's Second Epis- 
tle to Timothy, be- 
came First Bishop 
of Aries, a town not 
far from the present 
city of Marseilles. 

Bishops of Aries. 



Trophimus, 

Regulus, 

Martin L 

Victor, 

Marinus. 

Martin II, 

\^alentine, 

Saturnius, 

Arternius. 

Concerdius, 

Heros. 

Patroclus, 

flonoratus, 

Hilary, 

Ravenus. 

.•\ugustolis, 

Leontius, 

Aenoius, 

Ce.serius, 

.Ananius, 

.'\urelian. 

Sapandus, 

Licerius, 

Virgilius, 

V i r g i 1 i u s, to- 
gether with ,\eth- 
erius. Bishop of 
Lyons, consecrated 
Augustine as Bish- 
op at Aries. No- 
vember 16, 597. 



A. D. 

68 

254 
266 

313 

346 

353 

374 



.\. D. 67. 

Tradition says that 
there vvtre at Rome 
about tins time the 
son and the daughter 
of the British King 
Caradoc (whom the 
Romans called Carr 
actacus), Linus and 
Claudia, who were 
held as hostages for 
the good behavior of 
their father. Claudia 
is thought to be the 
British Princess who 
was (according to 
Martial, the Roman 
historian) married 
to Pudens, the son 
of a Roman senator, 
and Linns (British 
Llin) is identified 
with the first of the 
long line of the 
Bishops of Rome. 
(Claudia, Linus and 
Pudens are men- 
tioned together in 
II Tim. iv : 21). 

( Condensed from Ills. 
IVnies on English 
Church. Histniv by 
Rev C. A. Lane] S. P. 
C.K.) 



412 








426 




Bishops of Rome. 




433 






A. D. 


449 


1. 


Linus, 


67 


455 


2 


Anencletus, 


79 


462 


3- 


Clement, 


91 


492 


4- 


Evarestus, 


100 


506 


-1. 


Alexander, 


108 


543 


6. 


Sixtus I. 


118 


546 


7- 


Telesphorus, 


128 


557 


8. 


Hvginus, 


138 


585 


9- 


Pins I, 


141 


588 


10. 


Anicetus, 


T55 




II. 


Soter, 


166 




12. 


Eleutherius, 


174 




13- 


Victor I, 


187 




14. 


Zcpliyrinus, 


iq8 




t;. 


Calixtus I, 


216 




16. 


Frban I. 


221 




17. 


Pontianus, 


229 




iS. 


Anteros, 


235 



// 



Bishops of flome.—Con/tniied. 



19- 


Fabianus, 


236 


54- 


Boniface II, 


530 


20. 


Cornelius, 


251 


55- 


John 11, 


532 


21. 


Lucius I, 


252 


56. 


Agapetus I, 


535 


22. 


Stephanus I, 


253 


57- 


Syherius, 


536 


23- 


Sixtus II, 


257 


58. 


Vigilius, 


540 


24. 


Dionysis, 


259 


59- 


Pelagius I, 


555 


25- 


Felix I, 


269 


60. 


John III, 


560 


26. 


Eutychianus, 


275 


61. 


Benedict I, 


574 


27. 


Cains, 


283 


62. 


Pelagius II, 


578 


28. 


Marcellinus, 


296 


63. 


Gregory I, 


590 


29. 


Marcellus I, 


308 


64. 


Sabinianus, 


604 


30. 


Eusebius, 


310 


65- 


Boniface III, 


606 


31. 


Melchiades, 


311 


66. 


Boniface IV, 


608 


32. 


Silvester I, 


314 


67. 


Adeodatus. 


615 


33- 


Mark, 


336 


68. 


Boniface V, 


619 


34- 


Julius I, 


337 


69. 


Honorius I, 


625 


35- 


Liberius, 


352 


70. 


Se\'erinus, 


640 


36. 


Damasus I, 


366 


71. 


John IV, 


640 


37- 


Siricus, 


385 


72. 


Theodore I, 


642 


38. 


Anastasius, 


398 


73- 


Martin I, 


649 


39- 


Innocent I, 


402 


74- 


Eugenius I, 


654 


40. 


Zosimus, 


417 


75- 


Vitalian, 658-672 


41- 


Boniface I, 


418 








42. 


Celestine I, 


422 




Vitalian conse- 




43- 


Sixtus III, 


432 




crated Theodore as 




44- 


Leo I 


440 




Bishop in A. D. 668 




45- 


Hilarus, 


461 




and Theodore be- 




46. 


Simplicius, 


468 




came the seventh 




47. 


Felix III. 


483 




Archbishop of Can- 




48. 


Gelasius I, 


492 




terbury. (For the 




49- 


Anastasius II, 


496 




line of the Arch- 




50. 


Symmachus, 


498 




bishops of Canter- 




51- 


Hormisdas, 


514 




bury, from iheo- 




52. 


John I. 


523 




dorc on, see page 76.) 


1 


53- 


Felix IV, 


526 









78 





rollick Church 



1-'.')RGI-: WASHINGTON, the first Frcsidcnt uf the 
I'nitcd States, and the one to whom under God the 
nation owes its independence more than to any 

r man, was a communicant, vestryman and lay-reader 
Fipiscopal Church. Pohick Church is and always 
en the parish church of Mt. Vernon. It is five 

■ fnim the mansion, and was built in 1768 from 

■ drawn by General Washington, a member of the 
ing committee. Washington was a vestryman of 

church for twenty years, never permitting, as 
op Meade says, "the weather or C()ni|)any to keep 
from church." 



Washington was also a vestr}-man previous to the 
Revolution in Christ Church, Alexandria. This church 
was erected in 1767. Washington was one of the first to 
I)uy a pew. and one of the lirst \'estrymen chosen. Presi- 
dent Washington's pew in this church is still preserved 
as it appeared when occupied by the family. W'hile 
['resident of the United States, and residing in New 
\'i)rk. he attended St. Paul's Church ; in Philadelphia. 
Christ Cluircli. 



5;- 




S 


s ' 


..ijpJM 


Ml 


■i 


iSi 



ClM'i-^t Cliurch. .Mex.Tnfh'ia. 



(Thr iFaitli nf t\}t JFramrra of tl|p (Unnatitutian uf tl^ Ittttrb ^tatpfl. 

We publish below the names of the members of the convention which frarned 
fi-.e Constitution of the United States, giving their religious affiliations, showing 
that two-thirds of those who signed this all important State paper were l»y birth, 
liaptism. or family connected with the Episcopal Church. 

Episcop.xl Church. — George Washington. Rufus King. William Samuel 
Johnson. Alexander Hamilton. David Brearley, Jonathan Dayton. Bi-njruriin 
bVanklin, Thomas Mifflin. Robert Morris. George Clymcr. Jarcd Ingersoll James 
Wilson. Gouverneur Morris. George Read, John Dickinson (nominallv). Richard 
Bassctt. Jacob Brown. Daniel Jenifer. John Blair. James Madison. Jr., William 
Blount. Richard D. Spright. John Rutledge, Charles C. Pinckney, Charles 
Pinckncy. Pierce Butler, W^illiam Few. 

Con'greg.\tion.\list. — John Langdon, Nicholas Gilman. Natlianiel Gorham, 
Roger Sherman, Abraham Baldwin. 

Presbyterian.— William Uivingstonc. W'illiam Patterson. Gunning Bedford, 
Jr.. James McHenry. ITngh W'illiamson. 

Ro.MAN Catholic. — Thomas iMtzsinunous, Daniel Carroll. 



®ljf Jattif of tlj? B'x^mvs of tijp Sprlaration of Jln&p|jpn5?nr^- 



tEpiarofialiana. 




ly. Morris. B. Gwinnett. T. Stone. A. Middleton. J. Wilson. B. Harrison. 




G. Walton. J. Penn. O. Wolcott. RMorris. S.Chase. Win. Paca. 




G. Ross. T. Nelson. J. Hewes. G. Clynier. F. I^ewis. W. Hooper. 




T. Lynch 1- L. I,ee. C. I.ivin.t^stnn. K. Rntledge. B. Kiisk. JC. Gerry. 




Ci. I'aylui. T. Heyward. K. Hopkinsou. G, Wythe. G. Read. C. Braxton. 



80 



(UongrpyaltiiitaliBlB. 




J. Adams. J. Hancock. 




R. Sherman. L. Hall. S. Huntington. W. Whipple. W. Ellery. 




\V. William.s. K. T. I'aiiif. S. Adain.s. J. Bartlett. M. Thornton. 



^rrsbgtrriatta. 




J. Smith. T. M. Frean. A. Clark. J. Witherspoon. W. Floyd. 

(Quakers (2) lapttsst ffinman datholir 




S. Hopkins. R. Stockton. J. Hart. C. Carroll. 

Of the fifty-,six actual signers of tlic Declaration of Independence, two-thirds 
(thirty-four) were members of the Episcopal Church. Our authority for this 
statement is the late Bisliop Perry of Iowa, who gives all the facts in an inter- 
esting pampiilct, entitled "Tlic I'aith of the I'^-amcrs of the Declaration of Inde- 
endence." 

The above pliotograplis ;ire published by courtesy of S. .S. AlcClure Company. 

8i 



Jlppcndix. 



Che English ehurcb ana the Papal Claims. 



(a) The erroneous claim that the Church of England began with 

King Henry VIII. 
(*) The erroneou.s claim that Christianity in Kritain owes its origin 

to the Roman Catholic Church. 

IN the year 609 Hthelbert, the first Christian King of Kent, 
having set going the Inree great Cathedral Churches of Canter- 
bury, London and Rochester, gave for the support of the Cathedral 
Church at London an estate in Kssex called Tillingham. This estate, 
given by Kthelbert in 6oq, is still in the possession of the great Cathe- 
dral of London (St. Paul's), audit has been in their possession consecu- 
tively foruijoo years. There is no act of Parliament taking this prop- 
erty away from the Church of Rome and giving it to the Church of 
Kngland, and no act of Parliament taking it away from the Church of 
Kngland at any period of her history and giving it to the Church of 
Rome ; nor is there any act of Parliametit during any of these thir- 
teen centuries confirming the title, as though [during the Reforma- 
tion, for instance,] it might have been voided or thought to have been 
voided. 

If any one should say that it was the Roman Church, however, to 
which Ethelbert had given this property in 609, in spite of the name, 
the "Church of the I'.nglish," the reply is that in Ethelberfs day, 

(a) Pope Gregory YII claimed no jurisdiction; 

(b) the distinctively Romish doctrines of papal supremacy and infalli- 
bility, transubstantiatiou, purgatorial indulgencies, the doctrine of the 
immaculate conception, etc.. etc., etc., were unknown, but the doctrines 
of the Church in London at that time correspond closely to the doctrines 
held by that same Church in I,ondon at the present time. 

It is a mistake to conceive of the beginning of Chri.stianity in Eng- 
land as of Latin origin, rather was it of Greek. Greek was the lan- 
guage of the civilized world at the time of our Saviour's coming. The 
Septuagint Greek version and not the Hebrew version of the Old Testa- 
m Mit was in common use; so with the New Testament, the Greek ver- 
sion was commonly used until long after the martyrdom of .Mban in 
304 or the Council of Aries in 314, at which three British Bishops were 
present. (The Council of Aries was called by the Emperor Constantine 
and met on August i, 314. The Council consisted 01 thirty-three 
Bishops. Some Bishops, among whom was Silvester, Bishop of Rome, 
sent Presbyters and Deacons as their delegates. It is most probable 
that Marinus. wlio was Bishop of Aries at the time, presided by the 
Emperor s orders. The Council examined into the cases of Cat-cilian 
and Felix of Aptunga, on an appeal from a Council held at Rome, 
whose decision appears to have had but little effect. The Bishops of 
Aries also enacted twenty-two Canons and finally sent its decrees lo 



82 



Silvesler, wlio was lJi,liop of tlie imperial eily ul lUi.iiv;, Inil was too 
aged to attend the Council of Aries in person, " in order that all might 
know what these decrees were,"— but not to wait for his approval 
before they were promulgeil.) 

It -U'as by otder of Pope Damasus, j66-jS^, thai Jerome fir^l translated 
Ike scriptures into the Latin tongue. 

The earliest Fathers came from the East and, except Tertullian, 
wrote in Greek. The earliest principal writers of ecclesiastical his- 
tory wrote in Greek. All the Kcumenical Councils, their decrees and 
their canons, not to mention the Nicean creed itself, were in Greek. 
The Church of Rome itself was in the beginning a colony of Greek 
Christiansand C.recised Jews: Theirliturgical laugnagewas Greek, their 
organization was Greek, their writers Greek, their scriptures Greek, 
their literature Greek, of which the Greek words Church, Bishop, Priest, 
Deacon, Ecclesiastic, Epiphany. Litany, Liturgy, etc., are witnesses. 
The Scriptures, therefore, which the first Christian missionaries brought 
to England with them were Greek, and the ;Latin influence began 
many centuries later. 

Pope Gregory I, A. D. 590-604, to whom is due the beginning of Latin 
influence upon the English Church, an influence which has been pro- 
ductive of great good, as well as much evil, always used the name 
"the Church of the English," as he called the French Church "the 
Church of the Gauls." Of his own Church he spoke as the Roman 
Church. He never used such an impossible phrase as the Church of 
Rome in England. This same Pope declared that any I5ishop or 
Pope who claimed to be the Universal Bishop of the World^would be 
the Forerunner of Antichrist, so that in his day there was no thought 
of papal jurisdiction over the Church as we understand it. 

In the succeding centuries such papal claims began to be put forth, 
and as they were put forth were resisted by the Engli.'^h Church, of 
which resistance the following are a few historical instances : 

A. D. 700-800, Cuthbert, Archbishop of Canterbury, summoned a 
council of the F;nglish Church at Clovesho, proposing that difficult 
cases in English ecclesiastical courts should be referred to Rome. The 
council, after due consideration, directed that all questions should be 
referred to the Archbishop. 

In this century the English Church sided with the C'.allican and 
Eastern Church against Rome on the question of " image worship." 

A. D. Soo-goo. Aelfrick, of St. Albans, wrote a letter (which is now 
extant in Exeter Cathedral) against the then recently proposed Latin 
doctrine of trausubstantiation. Aelfrick's posilion in regard to this 
doctrine is substantially the one found in our thirty-nine articles. 

A. I), loooiioo. Relying on William the Conqueror's oath resptcling 
their religions liberty, the English Bishops refused Grfgory's Vll's 
summons to attend his council at Rome. The Bishop of Rome then 
summoned Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury, to Rome on penalty 
" deposition and severance from the grace of Peter if he did not come 
within lour months." Lanfranc did not go and nothing was done. 

A. D. 1100-1200. Pope Urban II declared that the Archbishop of 
Canterbury ought to be treated as his, the Pope's, etiual, "thel'opeand 
Patriarch of another world." 

The English council of Clarendon, A. I). 1164, forbade all appeals to 
Rome. 

A. D. 1200-1300. Gn June 15, 1215, King John signed Magna Charts, 
whose first words are. " We have gi anted to God in and by this our 
present charter and have confirmed for us and for our heiis forever 
that the Church of England should be free and have all her lights and 
liberties inviolable " 'I he I o])e commaiKUd Stephen I.angton, Arch- 
bisliop <^f 1. anterbury. to excon.niuiiicale the baicns for tlieir action in 



regard to this charter. I.angtou refused and Magna Charta stood and 
has since been ratified b}- thirty-three Knglish monarchs. In this same 
century, Rich, Archbishop of Canterbury, in 1234 resisted Kon.an 
encroachment and Grostete, Bishop of Lincoln, withstood " Innocent" 
to his face at Lyons. In 1265, Sevvall, Archbishop of York, entirely 
disregarded the konian excommunication fulminated again.st him. 

A. D. 1300-1400. In 1336 I'arliament passed an act which said that no 
Italian priest should tithe or toll in England. The Statutes of Tro- 
visors aud Prsemunire, passed by Parliament in this century, forbade 
the Bishop of Rome to appoint to any bishopric or other Church Office 
in England. In ca?e of his doing so the benefice was declared 
to be vacant. The right of nomination lapsed to the Kinjr, and the 
same statutes appointed confiscation of property and imprisonment to 
any one procuring from Rome any appointments, bulls or excommuni ■ 
cations. Wyclif, rector of Lutterworth, and who, in 1380, made the 
first translation of the Bible into Knglisli, wrote as follows: 'The 
Bishop of Rome hath no jurisdiction in this realm of England and 
never had. 

A. D. 1534 The English Bishops in consultation, with one exception, 
Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, assented to this resolution: " Reiolved, 
That the Bishop of Rome has no greater jurisdiction conferred on him 
by God in this Kingdom than any other foreign bishop." 

During the reign of Henry VI 1 1, who died in 1547, and his successor, 
Edward Vi (1547-1553), and his successor Mary, called Bloody Mary 
('553-IS5S), and during the first twelve years of the reign of her succes- 
sor, Klizabeth, that is to say, both during and after the reformation 
period, the Papists, as they were called, and the loyal members of the 
Church of England gathered in the same church buildings; no separate 
houses of worship were set up. In 1570, Pope Pius V offered Queen Eliz- 
abeth to accept the Book of Common Prayer and the Reforma- 
tion if his supremacy was acknowledged. Queen Klizabeth refused 
with the words, "Our records show that the papal jurisdiction over 
this realm was a usurpation; to no power wliatever is my crown sub- 
ject save to that of Christ, the King of Kings." Pope Pius V then 
e.xcommunicated the Queen and ordered his adherents to separate 
themselves from the Church of England, out of 9,400 clergy less 
than 200 obeyed, aud set up a separate worship forming what the 
late Bishop Coxe called the Italian schism, and which to-day is known 
as the Roman Catholic Church in England and America. 



(The above notes are, for the most part, taken from publications of 
the Church Historical Society, published by the Society for Promoting 
Christian Knowledge, London, England, from an article in the Church- 
man, September 16, 1893, aud Eighteen Centuries of the Orthodox Gret k 
Church by A. H. Hore.) 

G. C. F. Bratenahl, 
Rector of St. Alban's and Canon of Jl'ashiiigtoii. 



84 



FORM OF TESTAMENTARY DISPOSITION. 



PERSONAL PROPERTY. 
I give and bequeath to tlie Board of Tkistees of the 
Protestant Episcopal Cathedral Foundation, of the Dis- 
trict of Cohnnbia, and their successors, the sum of 

dollars. 



REAL ESTATE. 

I give, devise and bequeath to the Bo.\rd of 'I^ktstees 

OF the Protestant Episcopal Cathedral FofND.uioN of 

the District of Columbia, and their successors, forever, for 

the purposes of said Foundation 



In the District of Columbia a will of either personal 
or real estate should be attested and subscribed in the 
presence of the testator, by at least two credible witnesses. 



85 



Spiscopal Sye, 8ar 

and Ohroat 

Mospital 

1 147 Fifteenth Street, Northwest 



We would call attention to the 
need for endowments, the in- 
creased facilities allowing for a 
greater number of free patients 
to be treated in dispensary and 
cared for in the house. 



NEEDS. 

Surgical Supplies from $5 up to $25.00 
Air Compressor for Dispensary, $100 
Painting Interior .... $500.00 
Pathological Laboratory . $500.00 
Endowed Beds $5,000.00 



iOashington Cathedral. 

Uhe 

Cathedral Guilders' 

S&ook 

VOL. I 

BY 

The Rt. Rev. Henry Y. Satterlee, D. D. 

Bishop of Washington 

The above book can be ob- 
tained at the Bishop's house, 
1407 Massachnsetts Ave., N. 
W., or at the Cathedral 
Library, Mt. St. Alban, Wash- 
ington, D. C. 



Saint Jtgnes' 
School 

3017 O Street, Northwest 

Washington, D. C. 

Phone West 214. 

Jt Sioarding and 3)ay 
School for Sirls 



Under the care of the Sisters 
of the Epiphany (Episcopal 
Church). 

Terms moderate. For Catalog 
address the Sister-in-Charge. 



Mouse of Siiercy 

2408 3C Street, 5t. W. 

Phone West 274 M. 



A home for unfortunate 

girls and their 

children. 

Orders taken for Plain 
Sewing; 



Deaconess L. M. Yeo, 
in Charge. 



r£U 15 \99Q 



Dlational Cathedral 
School 



Building presented to the Protestant Episcopal Cathedral Foundation 
of the District of Columbia by /IDtS. IPbOebC H. IbCarSt. 

Uke Church School for Sirls 
of the SDioeese of Washington 



The Rt. Rev. Henry Yates Satterlee, D.D., LL.D., 
President of the Board of Trustees. 



Mrs. Barbour Walker, M.A., 
Principal. 



Fireproof building, within the Cathedral grounds of forty acres, 
overlooking the National Capital. 

Unrivaled advantages in music. Practice rooms equipped vi^ith 
new Steinway Pianos. 

Large, well-equipped studio. 

Physical, Chemical and Biological Laboratories. 

Modem Gymnasium. 

Tennis, Basket-Bail and other outdoor sports. 

Individual Teaching in every ..grade. Certificate admits to 
College. Graduate courses. ^ 

H 106 89 '^ 






















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